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342 Chapter 13 Mental Health issues More information can be retrieved from hitpar www.nami.org/Find Support/NAMI. Helpliser Top-25- Helpline Resources shah Zub.dpuf Brief Suic the suicide survey re this mod carly inte ther is an on the pe 1 Elderly As the tinue to it more pres rience los a major Unfortun mental are being Carrer mode to take care of and reflect on the end tonal needs of the caregiver. The following is some advice for caregivers on taking care of themselves Support groups. Caregivers may feel guilty if they resent their role as a caregiver. De not judge your thoughts as bad, which will Special Populations increase your stress instead, recognize that other people may have the same feeling Children and Adolescents Going to support groups to discuss your According to the NIMH, just wer 20% of (or 1 in feelings provides an opportunity to deal 5) children, either currently of at some point during with these issues their life, have had a seriously debilitating mental 2 Do not ignore personal relationships Care order Children might be diagnosed with one or more gives muy unintentionally lose contact with of the following: ADHD, PTSD, pane disorder, bilo friends Set up times, even if only once per lar disordet, utism, depressive disordet, borderline month, to see friends for a short period of personality disorder, eating disorder, sodal phobia time. These personal times provide an oppor and schizophrenia. In some instance, these disorden tunity to step away from the caregiver mode can follow them throughout their lives. It pattic 3. It is very difficult to take care of someone ularly difficult to assess teenagers mental disorders else if the caregiver does not take care of because of characteristics of that stage in life. Many Rimself or herself first. teens are worried about peer pressure, family Here are additional resources about mental health Schoolwork and activities, and posthigh schoolplus illness support (NAMI, 2019): ning. It is important that there is open commande tion with both children and teens, with either of the Anxiety and Depression Association of America parents, counselors, or friends, to ensure that the CADAR provides information on prevention, is a mental disorder, it will be addrewed Suicide is treatment, and symptoms of anxiety, depression and related conditions major concern among children and adolescents, the fifth leading cause of death among those in Children and adults with Attention-Deficit/ in age between 5 and 14 years. In 2016 alone Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD): provides than 6000 youth in the United States under the Information and referrals on attention deficit 25 years died by suicide (NIMH, 2018) hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including local Treatment for Children and Adolescents According to the American Psychological Ane ciation (APA). It is important that parents mong problems in their children, so that they can be tree appropriately. In some instances, children may be able to verbalize their emotions, it is important notice any behavioral changes, such as poor school per formance, loss of interest is hobbles angry anxiety alcohol or drug abuse, and irrational busine Treatment for dildren can cost of therapy bination of therapy and medicatie SAMHSA 20M Recent studies have found that a city of who died by valcide visited beacher code medical setting in the month prioriter focus is to ety assum faculties a not an ind family me dementia tal disorde ist becaus focused on main ailm may igno provider health iss the elderly might not indicated support groups Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance DESA peuvides information on bipolar dis- onder and depression and offers in-person and inline support groups and forums International OCD Foundation provides infor mation on OCD and treatment referrals Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Alliance of America (SARDAA): maintains the Schizo phemia Anonymous programs, which are self help groups and are now available as toll free had gradu deals with 70% woul geropsyche og guidel cal Associ person me because th imgs. Alzhe But for a the end res primary ca together to Idences Sudra Institute help people understand, man and treat trauma and dissociation and main- talabelpline for information and referrals TARA (Trestment and Research Advancements for Borderline Personality Disorders offers Teletal center for Information, support, educa tion, and treatment options for borderline per- weality disorder selves. The National Institute of Bath a report that outlined unenal Clinical Pathway model, to screen you and risk in medical settings. The initial which 20 seconds, is an As Suicide Screening AS that was developed to detect suicide ak po patients. The second tier which takes 15 Commor in the Elc Depression population withdww,
343 Brid Suicide Safety Assessment that is used to classify the suicide risk as low high, or imminent based on responses and clinical judgments. The hope it this model will be able to save children's lives through early intervention (New Pathways, 2018). The third Het is an in-depth assessment of the individual based on the previous results in E are 0 ine bia, Mental Health and Culture, Race and Ethnicity Dementias, which have symptoms of memory loss and confusion, are often considered a part of growing old--but they are not an inevitable part of the aging process. Only 15% of the elderly population suffers from dementia of that percentage over 60% suffer from Alzheimer's disease, for which there is no cure as of this writing Approximately 40% of dements are caused by conditions such as high blood pressure of a stroke or other diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, which are divorders that in thele advanced stages, can cause dementia (American Psychiatric Association, 2018). Alzheimer's disease causes the death of brain cells that control memory. The longer the person has Alzheimer's disease, the greater the memory loss as more cells die. One million people aged 65 years or older have severe Altheimer's disease with approxi- mately 2 million in the moderate stages of the disease. Pseudo dementias (also known as false demen- tas) may develop as a result of medications, drag interactions, poor diet. or heart and gland diseases These dementias may occur accidentally because of these conditions. Many elderly patients have multiple prescripcions, so it is important to note any potential interactions that could revult in dementia. Also, if the elderly person has poor nutritional habits, dementia could result. It is important that family members or provider monitor the dietary habits of the elderly patient. Fortunately, because of the causes, most of these pudo dementia are reversible if treated (American Psychiatric Association, 2018) Sers ues, lan- nica- their there isa Elderly and Mental Health As the US population ages and life expectancies con: me to increase, mental health disorders will become more prevalent in the elderly. As we age, we will expe- rience loss of family members and friends, which is a major trigger of depression and possibly suicide Unfortunately, many elderly people are not treated for mental illness, for several reasons. Often, the elderly are being treated for other traditional illnesses, so the focus is treating those illnesses. Also, as we agr. soci ity assumes that we lose our memory and some of our faculties as part of the normal aging process, which is at an inevitable fact, so primary care providers and ily members do not attribute these symptoms to dements or Alzheimer's disease, which are both meo- disorders. It is also more difficult to see a special because of lack of transportation. The elderly are feed on seeing their primary care provider for their intilments, so both the patient and the provider ore the symptoms. Also, the primary care it tay not be comfortable addressing mental bet, If the primary care provider does refer derly patient to a psychologist, the psychologist et lave optimal training. A recent APA survey Send that fewer than 30% of psychologists have bute coursework in geropsychology, which deals with mental health issues in the elderly, and that be interested in attending programs in dology. The APA has provided geropsychol: Oldies for older adults (American Psycholol Action2018b). Finally, the family of an elderly may not want to acknowledge the problems they may be afraid of hurting the personeel to the disease and other dements are di Solo a family member to acknowledir, knowing beet of these discase it is important that the Wycan provider, the family, and the patient work het to sew the elderly patients mental status, it is nging more age of nts Asso cogni treated not be tant to olper but chavior Tả 2018 of youth vider or Mental Health and Culture, Race, and Ethnicity Mental health disorders occur across race and culture however, according to the NIMH, diverse comman- ties are often underserved. The following is mental health information related to the LGBTQ community, African Americans, the Latine community. Asian Americans, American Indians, and Alaskan Natives Common Types of Mental Disorders In the Elderly produced model the or suicide hich takes SO) Tool n pediatrie LGBTQ The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and question ing populations are almost three times more likely to experience depression or an anxiety disorder. For LGBTO people ranging in age between 10 and 24 yn icide is one of the leading cause of death An estimated 20-30% of LGBTQ individuals report substance abuse problems compared to of the gen eral population Sociale dementia because its victims may take more than 10 of the elderly We foc, and appear confused at times
344 Chapter 13 Mental Health the prison and juvenile justice system (NAMI, 2015), NAMI has established an educational program. She ing Hope for both the African American and Latina communities with the goal of increasing mental health awareness in their communities and the resources wilable to the anal who why menta the sal more Wome Depress The fear of coming out or being discriminated against for sexual orientation can lead to mental health disorders. Thoughts of suicide and substance abuse can be issues with this community. Some LGBTO Individuals also hide their orientation from the mental health system because of fear of being rid Iculed. The term "minority stress stems from the sodal stigma pecodice denial of civil rights victim tration, and family rejection that can occur. With any population that experiences mental health distress, it is important that people feel comfortable reaching out for assistance The following is a list of resources to locate LGBTO specific providers Use the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association's Provider Directory to look through a list of india sive medical providers Check out the Healthcare quality Index to find the LGBTQ-inclusive policies of organisation leaders in health care. Review resources on the rights and experiences of LGSTO people in mental health care includ. ing the Center for American Progress and the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (NAMI. 2019) Asian Americans Approximately 14% of Asian adults live with a mental health condition. The Alan American population composed of cultures with different language religious traditions. Asian Americans have the his est life expectancy of an ethnic group in the United States Mental health disorders are lower among An than white. Overall, Asian Americans are much less likely to report mental health disorder to friends medical professional, sometimes became they feed mental illness is shameful and consider it a personal weakness. The suicide rates of elderly and young Asian American women are higher than those of women of other ethnicities. They will seek help for mental disorders from alternative medicine provider ever. If they delay treatment for emple, because embarrassment, their problem might become severe. As with the Hispanic population, there math language barriers between Asian American and mental healthcare providers (APA, 2006 nearly to tend to Women logic an disorder anxiety 3 ands as a resul Married men. The it is she w been victis also suffer By the 65 years the propor expectancy compriset dents. Unfc African Americans Some African Americans are hesitant to access men tal health care due to prior misdiagnoses, inadequate treatment, and cultural in understandings. There is mall, although increasing percentage of psycholo gists, psychiatrists, and social workers who are African American. Many African Americans rely on religious and social communities for social support, so rather than visit a specialist, they may rely on spiritual guid ance. Unfortunately, there is a higher percentage of African Americans in the fouter home system. home less population, and prison. Those environments have a higher level of mental health disorders than other environments American Indians and Alaskan Natives Over 28% of American Indian or Alaska Native adult live with a mental health conda Rece statistics indicates that American Indian and Air kan Native youths use akobol by 14 years old the use marijuana and prescription medications to the rate of the national average. Many of these poole believe their parents are permissive with the behavior, which encourage them. However, the fol eral Indian Health Service CHS) has este public health marketing campaign tarted to the to resist drug and alcohol use. The scurt 11 centers nationwide that address mental health and substance abuse discarders by providing beslutet care, which is accepted by this care The THS also uses telebehavioral health wad is a method of service delivery that bro way to ty Land behavioral health program wow. Cine de ferencing technology, telefon allow "real time it with a bearinnah cialist in another location who can set in the tion, agnosis, anant and problems (IHS. 2011) do not rece Vives, wome may provide care per day cal and en result of the mote depres indicates the propriate der female Gallagher Th Latino Community Approximately 16% of Hispanic adults live with a mental health condition. The Latino population has been identified as a high-risk group for depression. indiety, and substance abuse. Like the African Amer can population. Latinos may seek treatment from the clergy rather than specialists. There is a small percent age of Latinos who are mental health professionals, so the comfort level might be lower between patient and provider. This is also tied to language barriers. Like African American Latinos se entreprehented in Homeless F The health st. pot because lo o disc vealth care time. Mental e Convon lack of stabi tental health les dividuals
145 It is important to recognize the differences in cul tuna beliefs and adapt the system to recognize these vale systems. Language barriers may also be a reason why minority cultures do not access the system. Hiring mental health counselors and providers who are from the same culture would be a fi mep in encouraging pate culturally diverse individuals to use the system Mental and tea and Los population who public health systems expert ence mental beslemesanal Alliance to find Home 2019) Mental Health issues and Disasters, Trauma, and Loss Disasters can impact communities and their residents Disasters can be natural mach as hurricanes, earth- quakes, food and ornadoesor manmade events, such as the September 11, 2001. mass shooter events terrorist attacks or the war in Iraq and Afghanistan Many loans occur her these events, such as the loss of family and lowedoors, pets, neighbors, colleagues, and the community infrastructure, such as schools, churches, and homes. These disasters may be short or long term. These events may impact individu als emotionally by using fear and anxiety because of the uncertainty in their lives. According to the International Society for Traumatic Stress Stud- ies (ST55). Individuals may experience feelings of shock, diabelief. grietan galt, helplessness and emotional. They may have difficulty with cognitive thinking and may experience physical reac tions, such as fatigue and illness (ISTSS, 2001). They may also have dificulty interacting with others. As with any mental health condition, it is important to reach out for since been the condition controls an individuals lite Women and Mental Health Depression affects women significantly more than men-women who are depressed experience episodes nearly twice as often as men who are depressed. They tend to experience it earlier, longer, and more severely, Women may experience depression as a result of bio logic and social reasons. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a severe disorder in which depression and anxiety co-occur with menstruation, Impacts between 1% and 5% of women, Women may also feel depressed a result of infertility, miscarriage and menopause Married women suffer depression more than married men. The more children a woman has, the more likely is she will suffer from depression. Women who have been victims of sexual abuse or domestic violence may also suffer from depression By the year 2030, 20% of the population will be 5 years or older. Per decade above 65 years of age. the proportion of women increases because their life cancy is higher than that of men. Older Women Sample the large majority of nursing home resi Unfortunately, women in nursing homes often do not receive mental health care. Throughout their lees women have been traditional caregivers Women ter provide family members with up to 13 hours of es per day for more than 20 years for both physi- sal and emotional illnesses (Bradley, 2003) A fult of this role, many elderly women experience bort depression and anxiety. Unfortunately, research Indicates that healthcare providers do not provide de females (Qualls, Segal, Norman, Niederche, & pupute mental health care to a large majority of 1 int cy his of d ch Gallagher-Thomson, 2002) nd the 山山山山山山山 Mental Health Impact of Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters September 11, 2001 Terrorists are different than natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, avalanches, or tor. nados, because these attacks are deliberately aimed at harming large number of people. An evaluation of the federal emergency mental health program indi- cated that ever million New Yorkers received one or more face to face counseling or public education ser vices as a result of the September 11 terrorist attacks Neria et al. 2007). Interestingly, the emotional impact of the terrorist attaa was felt nationwide. The federal emergency preparednos model of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is helpful to victims with short-term mental health each as result of different types of disasters (Fe, 2000. The American Psy chological Association Task Force on Promoting Resilience in Response to Terrorism has produced Homeless People and Mental Health Dalth status of homeless Individuals is all because of lack of housing. They are exposed toc disease and do not have adequate acces to Ant. Mental health and substance abuse problems cart, so their health status deteriorate OVE de of abdity, it is difficult to provide adequate on in the homeless population. As a result al health care and general health care lo home wal. Approximately 10% of the hotel
the prison and juvenile justice system (NAMI, 2019 NAMI has established an educational program, "Shar. ing Hope," for both the African American and Latino communities with the goal of increasing mental health awareness in their communities and the resources available to them. The fear of coming out or being discriminated against for sexual orientation can lead to mental health disorders. Thoughts of suicide and substance abuse can be issues with this community. Some LGBTQ individuals also hide their orientation from the mental health system because of fear of being rid iculed. The term "minority stress stems from the social stigma, prejudice, denial of civil rights, victim- ization, and family rejection that can occur. With any population that experiences mental health distress, it is important that people feel comfortable reaching out for assistance The following is a list of resources to locate LGBTQ specific providers - Use the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association's Provider Directory to look through a list of inclu sive medical providers Check out the Healthcare Equality Index to find the LGBTQ-inclusive policies of organization leaders in health care. Review resources on the rights and experiences of LGBTQ people in mental health care, includ. ing the Center for American Progress and the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (NAMI. 2019). Asian Americans Approximately 14% of Asian adults live with a mental health condition. The Asian American population is composed of 50 cultures with different languages and religious traditions. Asian Americans have the high est life expectancy of any ethnic group in the United States. Mental health disorders are lower among Asians than whites. Overall, Asian Americans are much less likely to report mental health disorders to friends or medical professionals, sometimes because they feel mental illness is shameful and consider it a personal weakness. The suicide rates of elderly and young Asian American women are higher than those of women of other ethnicities. They will seek help for mental health disorders from alternative medicine providers how ever, if they delay treatment, for example, because of embarrassment their problems might become more severe. As with the Hispanic population, there may be language barriers between Asian American patients and mental healthcare providers (APA, 2006). African Americans Some African Americans are hesitant to access men. tal health care due to prior misdiagnoses, inadequate treatment, and cultural misunderstandings. There is a small, although increasing, percentage of psycholo- gists, psychiatrists, and social workers who are African American. Many African Americans rely on religious and social communities for social support, so rather than visit a specialist, they may rely on spiritual guid- ance. Unfortunately, there is a higher percentage of African Americans in the foster home system, home- less population, and prison. Those environments have a higher level of mental health disorders than other environments. American Indians and Alaskan Natives Over 28% of American Indian or Alaskan Native adults live with a mental health condition. Recent statistics indicates that American Indian and Alus kan Native youths use alcohol by 14 years old. They use marijuana and prescription medications the the rate of the national average. Many of these youths believe their parents are permissive with this type of behavior, which encourages them. However, the fed eral Indian Health Service (IHS) has established a public health marketing campaign targeted to youths to resist drug and alcohol use. The IHS currently fund 11 centers nationwide that address mental health and substance abuse disorders by providing holistic health care, which is accepted by this calture. The IHS also uses telebehavioral health, which is a method of service delivery that broadcast availability to quality of, and access to care actual behavioral health program areas Using Video ferencing technology telebehavioral health ice allow "real time visits with a behavioral health cialist in another location who can in the ca problems (IHS, 2018) Latino Community Approximately 16% of Hispanic adults live with a mental health condition. The Latino population has been identified as a high-risk group for depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. Like the African Amer ican population. Latinos may seek treatment from the clergy rather than specialists. There is a small percent age of Latinos who are mental health professionals, so the comfort level might be lower between patient and provider. This is also tied to language barriers. Like African Americans, Latinos are overrepresented in tion, diagnosis management, and treatment of hatt
and Disaster Trand low 345 It is important to recognize the differences in cul taral beliefs and adapt the system to recognize these value systems. Language barriers may also be a reason why minority cultures do not access the system. Hiring mental health counselors and providers who are from the same culture would be a first step in encouraging population who visit public health systems expert ence mental health illnesses (National Alliance to find Homelessnes, 2019) more culturally diverse individuals to use the system. Women and Mental Health Depression affects women significantly more than men-women who are depressed experience episodes nearly twice as often as men who are depressed. They tend to experience it earlier, longer, and more severely Women may experience depression as a result of bio logic and social reasons. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a severe disorder in which depression and anxiety co-occur with menstruation, impacts between 3% and 5% of women. Women may also feel depressed as a result of infertility, miscarriage, and menopause. Married women suffer depression more than married men. The more children a woman has, the more likely it is she will suffer from depression. Women who have been victims of sexual abuse or domestic violence may also suffer from depression. By the year 2030, 20% of the population will be 65 years or older. Per decade above 65 years of age, the proportion of women increases because their life expectancy is higher than that of men. Older Women comprise the large majority of nursing home resi- dent Unfortunately, women in nursing homes often do not receive mental health care. Throughout their Ives, women have been traditional caregivers. Women Hay provide family members with up to 13 hours of sate per day for more than 20 years for both physi- cal and emotional illnesses (Bradley, 2003). As a Tot of this role, many elderly women experience tot depression and anxiety. Unfortunately, research dicates that healthcare providers do not provide "ppropriate mental health care to a large majority of der females (Qualls, Segal, Norman, Niederche, & Mental Health Issues and Disasters, Trauma, and Loss Disasters can impact communities and their residents. Disasters can be satural, such as hurricanes, earth- quakes, floods, and tornadoes, or manmade events, such as the September 11, 2001, mas shooter events, terrorist attacks or the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Many losses occur after these events, such as the loss of family and loved ones, pets, neighbors, colleagues, and the community Infrastructure, such as schools churches, and homes. These disasters may be short or long term. These events may impact individu als emotionally by causing fear and anxiety because of the uncertainty in their lives. According to the International Society for Traumatic Stress Stud- les (ISTSS), individuals may experience feelings of shock, disbelief. grief anger, guilt, helplessness, and emotional numbness. They may have difficulty with cognitive thinking and may experience physical reac- tions, such as fatigue and illness (ISTSS, 2001). They may also have difficulty interacting with others. As with any mental health condition, it is important to reach out for assistance before the condition controls an individual's life Gallagher-Thomson, 2002) Homeless People and Mental Health The health status of homeless individuals is overall Poor because of lack of housing. They are exposed ha cate, so their health status deteriorates ove more disease and do not have adequate access to im. Mental health and substance abuse problems Common in the homeless population. As a result of stability, it is difficult to provide adequate mental health care and general health care to home- deviduals. Approximately 10% of the homeless Mental Health Impact of Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters September 11, 2001 Terrorist attacks are different than natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, avalanches, or for- nados, because these attacks are deliberately aimed at harming large numbers of people. An evaluation of the federal emergency mental health program indi- cated that over 1 million New Yorkers received one or more face-to-face counseling or public education ser vices as a result of the September 11 terrorist attacks (Neris et al. 2007). Interestingly, the emotional impact of the terrorist attacks was felt nationwide. The federal emergency preparedness model of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is helpful to victims with short-term mental health issues as a result of different types of disasters (Felton, 2006). The American Psy. chological Association Task Force on Promoting Resilience in Response to Terrorism has produced
Health and Disaster Tourmond Lou 345 It is important to recognize the differences in cul tural beliefs and adapt the system to recognize these value systems. Language barriers may also be a reason why minority cultures do not access the system. Hiring mental health counselors and providers who are from the same culture would be a first step in encouraging more culturally diverse individuals to use the systen. population who visit public health systems expert ence mental health illnesses (National Alliance to End Homelessness 2019) Women and Mental Health Depression affects women significantly more than men--women who are depressed experience episodes nearly twice as often as men who are depressed. They send to experience it earlier, longer, and more severely, Women may experience depression as a result of bio logic and social reasons. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a severe disorder in which depression and unxiety co-occur with menstruation, impacts between 9% and 5% of women. Women may also feel depressed as a result of infertility, miscarriage, and menopause Married women suffer depression more than married men. The more children a woman has, the more likely as she will suffer from depression. Women who have been victims of sexual abuse or domestic violence may also suffer from depression By the year 2030. 20% of the population will be 45 years or older. Per decade above 65 years of age. the proportion of women increases because their life Spectancy is higher than that of men. Older Women comprise the large majority of nursing home rest Jenti infortunately, women in nursing homes often do not receive mental health care. Throughout their dves, women have been traditional caregivers. Women They provide family members with up to 13 hours of ant per day for more than 20 years for both physi- al and emotional illnesses (Bradley, 2003). As a of this role, many elderly women experience bor depression and anxiety. Unfortunately, research indicates that healthcare providers do not provide propriate mental health care to a large majority of diet females (Qualls, Segal, Norman, Niederche, & Mental Health Issues and Disasters, Trauma, and Loss Disasters can impact communities and their residents Disasters can be natural such as hurricanes, earth quakes, floods, and tornadoes, or manmade events such as the September 11, 2001. mas shooter events, terrorist attacks, or the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Many losses occur after these events, such as the loss of family and loved ones, peti neighbors, colleagues and the community infrastructure, such as schools churches, and homes. These disasters may be short or long term. These events may impact individu als cmotionally by causing fear and anxiety because of the uncertainty in their lives. According to the International Society for Traumatic Stress Stud- les (ISTSS), individuals may experience feelings of shock disbelief. grief anger. guilt, helplessness, and emotional numbness. They may have difficulty with cognitive thinking and may experience physical reac tions, such as fatigue and illness (ISTSS, 2001). They may also have difficulty interacting with others. As with any mental health condition, it is important to reach out for assistance before the condition controls an individuals de Gallagher Thomson, 2002) Mental Health Impact of Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters September 11, 2001 Terrorist attacks are different than natural disasters. such as hurricanes, carthquakes, avalanches, or tor nados, because there attacks are deliberately aimed at harming large numbers of people. An evaluation of the federal emergency mental health program indi- cated that over 1 million New Yorkers received one of more face-to-face counseling or public education ser vices as a result of the September 11 terrorist attacks (Neris et al. 2007). Interestingly, the emotional impact of the terrorist attacks was felt nationelde. The federal emergency preparednos model of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is helpful to victims with short-term mental health issues as a result of different types of disasters (Fehoo. 2000). The American Psy. chological Association Task Force on Promoting Resilience in Response to Terrorism has produced Homeless People and Mental Health The health status of homeless individuals is overall Per because of lack of housing. They are exposed to disease and do not have adequate access to bobur. So their health status deteriorates over in Mental health and substance abuse problems ad of stability, it is difficult to provide adequate on in the homeless population. As a result en health care and general health care to home bus individuals. Approximately 10% of the homeles 11 th
the prison and juvenile justice system (NAMI, 2019) NAM has established an educational program. "Star ing Hope for both the African American and Latino communities with the goal of increasing mental health awareness in their communities and the resources available to them The fear of coming out or being discriminated against for sexual orientation can lead to mental health disorders. Thoughts of suicide and substance abuse can be issues with this community. Some LGBTQ individuals also hide their orientation from the mental health system because of fear of being rid- iculed. The term "minority stress" stems from the social stigma, prejudice, denial of civil rights, victim- ization, and family rejection that can occur. With any population that experiences mental health distress, it is important that people feel comfortable reaching out for assistance The following is a list of resources to locate te LGBTQ specific providers: Use the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association's Provider Directory to look through a list of inclu- sive medical providers. Check out the Healthcare Equality Index to find the LGBTQ-inclusive policies of organization leaders in health care. Review resources on the rights and experiences of LGBTQ people in mental health care, includ- ing the Center for American Progress and the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (NAMI, 2019). Asian Americans Approximately 14% of Asian adults live with a mental health condition. The Asian American population is composed of 50 cultures with different languages and religious traditions. Asian Americans have the high- est life expectancy of any ethnic group in the United States. Mental health disorders are lower among Asians than whites. Overall, Asian Americans are much los likely to report mental health disorders to friends ar medical professionals, sometimes because they feel mental illness is shameful and consider it a personal weakness. The suicide rates of elderly and young Adan American women are higher than those of women of other ethnicities. They will seek help for mental bealth disorders from alternative medicine providerse how ever, if they delay treatment, for example, because of embarrassment, their problems might become severe. As with the Hispanic population, there may be language barriers between Asian American patients and mental healthcare providers (APA, 2006) African Americans Some African Americans are hesitant to access men. tal health care due to prior misdiagnoses. inadequate treatment, and cultural misunderstandings. There is a small, although increasing, percentage of psycholo- gists, psychiatrists, and social workers who are African American. Many African Americans rely on religious and social communities for social support, so rather than visit a specialist, they may rely on spiritual guid ance. Unfortunately, there is a higher percentage of African Americans in the foster home system, home- less population, and prison. Those environments have a higher level of mental health disorders than other environments American Indians and Alaskan Natives Over 28% of American Indian or Alaskan Native adults live with a mental health condition. Recent statistics indicates that American Indian and Alus kan Native youths use alcohol by 14 years old. Thes use marijuana and prescription medications at twice the rate of the national average. Many of these youth believe their parents are permissive with this type of behavior, which encourages ther. However, the fed eral Indian Health Service (IHS) has established public health marketing campaign targeted to your to resist drug and alcohol use. The IHS currently fed Il centers nationwide that address meestal health and substance abuse disorders by providing holidicheal care, which is accepted by this culture. The LHS also uses telebehavioral health which is a method of service delivery the broaden the availability to quality of, and access to carecrow all behavioral health program areas. Using video ferencing technology, telebehavioral heath allow "real time visits with a behanical health cialist in another location who can the Latino Community Approximately 16% of Hispanic adults live with a mental health condition. The Latino population has been identified as a high-risk group for depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. Like the African Amer- ican population, Latinos may seek treatment from the clergy rather than specialists. There is a small percent- age of Latinos who are mental health professionals, so the comfort level might be lower between patient and provider. This is also tied to language barriers. Like African Americans Latinos are overrepresented in problems (IHS, 2018) tion, diagnosis, management and treatment of healt
More information can be retrieved from http:// www.nami.org/Find-Support/NAMI Helpline Top-25- HelpLine-Resourcessthash.L.ZIFKub dput, carogiver mode to take care of and reflect on the emo- tional needs of the caregiver. The following is some advice for caregivers on taking care of themselves 1. Support groups Caregivers may feel guilty if they resent their role as a caregiver. Do not judge your thoughts as bad, which will increase your stress instead, recognize that other people may have the same feelings. Going to support groups to discuss your feelings provides an opportunity to deal with these issues 2 Do not ignore personal relationships: Care givers may unintentionally lose contact with friends. Set up times, even if only once per month, to see friends for a short period of time. These personal times provide an oppor tunity to step away from the caregiver mode. 3. It is very difficult to take care of someone else if the caregiver does not take care of himself or herself first. Here are additional resources about mental health illness support (NAMI, 2019): Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA): provides information on prevention, treatment, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and related conditions, Special Populations Children and Adolescents According to the NIMH, just over 20% of (or 1 in 5) children, either currently or at some point during their life, have had a seriously debilitating mental di order. Children might be diagnosed with one or more of the following: ADHD, PTSD.panic disorder. bipo lar disorder, autism, depressive disorder, borderline personality disorder, eating disorder, social phobia. and schizophrenia. In some instances, these disorders can follow them throughout their lives. It is partic ularly difficult to assess teenagers mental disorden because of characteristics of that stage in life. Many teens are worried about peer pressure, familyses schoolwork and activities, and post-high school plan ning. It is important that there is open communica tion with both children and teens, with either of their parents, counselors, or friends, to ensure that if there is a mental disorder, it will be addressed Suicide in major concern among children and adolescents it is the fifth leading cause of death among those ranging in age between 5 and 14 years. In 2016 alone, more than 6000 youth in the United States under the age of 25 years died by suicide (NIMH, 2018) Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD): provides information and referrals on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including local support groups Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DESA): provides information on bipolar dis- ordet und depression and offers in-person and online support groups and forums. International OCD Foundation: provides infor mation on OCD and treatment referrals. Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Alliance of America (SARDAA): maintains the Schizo- phrenia Anonymous programs, which are self- belp groups and are now available as toll-free Treatment for Children and Adolescents According to the American Psychological Asso ciation (APA), it is important that parents recognize problems in their children, so that they can be treated appropriately. In some instances, childret may not be able to verbalize their emotions, so it is important to notice any behavioral changes such as poor school formance, loss of interest in hobbles, angry outlet anxiety, alcohol or drug abuse, and irrational belum Treatment for children can consist of therapy or com bination of therapy and medication (SAMHSA 2016 who died by suicide visited a bealthcare provider Recent studies have found that a majority of puth medical setting in the month prior to the selves. The National Institute of Heath u prodan teleconferences. Sidran Institute: helps people understand, man- age, and treat trauma and dissociation and main- tains a helpline for information and referrals. TARA (Treatment and Research Advancements for Borderline Personality Disorder): offers a referral center for information, support, educa- tion, and treatment options for borderline per sonality disorder a report that outlined a universal screening model the Clinical Pathway modd, to screen youth for risk in medical settings. The initial screen, which is 20 seconds, is an Ask Suicide Screening AS that was developed to detect suicide risk in po patients. The second tier, which take 15 min