i) The pathway that feeds the forces detected by the Golgi tendon organ into the spinal circuit. (3 marks) ii) The pat

[answerhappygod]

i) The pathway that feeds the forces detected by the Golgi
tendon organ into the spinal circuit.
(3 marks)
ii) The pathway that feeds the position and velocity
detected by the muscle spindle into the spinal circuit.
iii) The perturbing force on the person’s arm.
(3 marks)
(2 marks)
c) Give the mathematical form of the Hill equation as used in
this figure for both lengthening and contracting muscles and
contrast this form with the standard Hill model (F +a)(v+b) =
K where F and v are the force and velocity
of the muscle, and the remaining parameters are constants.
(3 marks)
d) What is the meaning of the two delays (40 ms and 10 ms)
and why are these two delays different?
(3 marks)
e) Give FOUR bullet points that outline the
benefits and disadvantages of ’in-silico’ models such as the
Prochazka et al. model used above. 4 marks

I The Pathway That Feeds The Forces Detected By The Golgi Tendon Organ Into The Spinal Circuit 3 Marks Ii The Pat 1 (220.19 KiB) Viewed 19 times

step at 1s 1 1 lb delay ib gain 40 ms I (Gfs) Jb transfer function .28(s+. 15)(s+1.5)(s+16) (S+ 2)(s+2)(8+37) external force staircase set- point alpha mn's CE activation 1 20 S+20 100 beta TE 1000 resultants 2 tendon force (N) force inertia s+100 active parallel stiffness (N) 1 kg displ (mm) +0.14 product passive parallel 5(s+25) stiffness Mux beta beta delay gain 1+5(1-exp(-1,5u) 20 ms 1/(1-0) 25N/mm (s+500) 1N/mm for 10'u +7 alpha o/p=1 velocity 1500s (s+500)(S+500) tendon 0.05 compliance (mm/N) graph m la delay 10 ms 1-exp(-15) - 1+exp(-15) 0.5 la gain 500 (S+500) 1 1 1 U-8 offset 100s(s+.4)(5+4)(8+44) (s+.04)(s+.8)(8+1000)(8+1000) - la transfer function Figure Q3-1: A Simulink simulation of the neuro-muscular reflex. 3. A Simulink model of the neuro-muscular reflex was published by Prochazka, Gillard and Bennet in 1997 (doi=10.1152/jn. 1997.77.6.3237) in the paper "Implications of positive feedback in the control of movement" and is given in figure Q3-1. 1500s a) The transfer function is a filter to estimate a velocity (s+500)(s+500) giving a time varying position input. Why is this filter necessary? (2 marks) b) Identify the following subsystems in this simulation. Either annotate a sketch of the subsystem or take a screenshot figure Q3-1 and annotate that.
i) The pathway that feeds the forces detected by the Golgi tendon organ into the spinal circuit. (3 marks) ii) The pathway that feeds the position and velocity detected by the muscle spindle into the spinal circuit. (3 marks) iii) The perturbing force on the person's arm. (2 marks) c) Give the mathematical form of the Hill equation as used in this figure for both lengthening and contracting muscles and contrast this form with the standard Hill model (F +a)(v+b) = K where F and v are the force and velocity of the muscle, and the remaining parameters are constants. (3 marks) d) What is the meaning of the two delays (40 ms and 10 ms) and why are these two delays different? (3 marks) e) Give FOUR bullet points that outline the benefits and disadvantages of 'in-silico' models such as the Prochazka et al. model used above. (4 marks)