Most dinosaurs (except birds!) are believed to have gone extinct about 66 million years ago when a giant meteoroid impac

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Most Dinosaurs Except Birds Are Believed To Have Gone Extinct About 66 Million Years Ago When A Giant Meteoroid Impac 1 (94 KiB) Viewed 39 times

Most dinosaurs (except birds!) are believed to have gone extinct about 66 million years ago when a giant meteoroid impacted the Earth in the Yucatan peninsula (the resulting crater is called the Chicxulub crater, and was first recognized in the 1970s and 1980s). This problem aims to calculate the energy of that impact based on gravitational potential energy. Here's some relevant information: • Earth-crossing meteoroids have an average speed of about 9.09 km/s relative to the Earth. This is before their motion is influenced by the Earth's gravitational pull. • A typical rock-bearing meteoroid has a density of about 3.58 g/cm • The dinosaur-killing meteoroid had a radius R = 10.6 km, and was approximately shaped as a sphere. . The potential energy for gravitational force is where G = 6.67 x 10-" mºkgs- is the universal gravitational constant, ME = 6.0 x 10 kg is the Earth's mass, m is the mass of the asteroid, and r is the distance between the meteoroid and the center of the Earth (e.g., an object sitting on the Earth's surface has r = Re, the radius of the Earth). Note that the minus sign for the potential means that gravitational potential is less than zero, but of course what matters is the difference in PE. There are big numbers in this problem, which you can enter using the "e" notation: replace the "10" of a number with "e". For example, 4 x 10° would be written 4e8, while 2 x 10-would be written 2e-5. Part a (1 points) Assuming that the dinosaur-killing meteoroid was a sphere (volume = R'), what was its kinetic energy in the reference frame of the Earth before it was influenced by the Earth's gravitational force? Please enter a numerical answer below. Accepted formats are numbers or "e" based scientific notation e.g. 0.23, -2, 106, 5.23e-8 Enter answer here No answer submitted O of 8 attempts used CHECK ANSWER Part b (1 points) oo and the initial gravitational PE 0; and ends at the How much kinetic energy is gained as the meteoroid falls to the Earth's surface? Assume that the meteoroid starts from a point very far from the Earth, so the initial r Earth's surface,r=RE = 6371 km. Please enter a numerical answer below. Accepted formats are numbers or "e' based scientific notation e.g. 0.23, -2, 106, 5.23e-8 Enter answer here No answer submitted 0 of 8 attempts used CHECK ANSWER (1 points) Partc Compute the ratio between the total KE of the meteoroid when it hits the Earth to the energy released in the Nagasaki nuclear bomb explosion, which was about 85x1012 J = 85 TJ. Does it make sense why this meteor impact would have devastated life globally? Please enter a numerical answer below. Accepted formats are numbers or "e' based scientific notation e.g. 0.23,-2, 126,5.23e-8 Enter answer here