Provide descriptions for the Scope of Study part a and part b. The city of Lowell Massachusetts is rapidly growing in po

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Provide descriptions for the Scope of Study part a and part
b.
The city of Lowell Massachusetts is rapidly growing in
population and the city’s water district Chief Engineer has
forecasted a significant increase in drinking water demand over the
next 20 years. According to their estimates, at least 200 million
gallons of drinkable water will be needed per day (MGD) within the
next 20 years. The current water source is a reservoir
capable of providing up to 75 MGD to the system. The reservoir’s
current capacity may be increased to a maximum of 125 MGD, however,
reconstruction of the reservoir embankments and pump stations will
be required to increase the reservoir’s current capacity.
The city wishes to continue using the reservoir as a primary
source of drinking water, and they are considering two additional
sources of water to meet the future demand, namely, i) drilled
wells and ii) the Merrimack River. The hardness level of water
drawn from the drilled well is considerably higher than the
existing reservoir and Merrimack River and exceeds acceptable
limits. Therefore, water taken from drilled wells must be blended
with other possible sources to satisfy acceptable limits. The
maximum water hardness [CaCO3 and MG(OH)2]
supplied to the town must be 1,200 lbs./ million gallons (MG) (or
143 ppm) in the final blended supply. Water currently drawn
from the reservoir has a harness level of 750 lbs./MG. Hardness
levels from the Merrimack River and the proposed well water were
tested at 1200 and 1500 lbs./MG, respectively.
The initial costs, capacity, and hardness levels from each
source are given in Table 1 below. For example, the current
reservoir can be reconstructed to increase capacity up to 50
additional MGD at an initial cost of $1,000K/MGD. The initial cost
to install a pumped well system is $1,500K/MGD and the initial cost
to draw from the Merrimack River $750K/MGD. The city has also
provided estimated annual Operating and Maintenance (O&M) costs
associated with each water source.
Table 1: Cost, Supply, and Quality of Available
Sources
Parameters
Reservoir
Well
Merrimack River
Initial Cost ($K/MGD)1
$1,000
$1,000
$750
O&M Cost ($K/MG)
$0.75
$0.50
$1.00
Capacity (MGD)
50 (additional)
25
100
Hardness (lbs./MG)
750
1500
1200
1Changed $K/MG to $K/MGD
The city has hired your firm to evaluate the problem and provide
recommended solutions. The objective of this study is to determine
the lowest life-cycle cost strategy for a 20-year planning horizon
and to satisfy the future water demands in terms of quality and
quantity. For the purposes of this study, you will select the
optimal strategy for upgrading the water supply system of the basis
of Present Worth Cost (PWC) for a 20-year analysis period.
The annual effective interest rate for the City of Lowell is
5%. Assume there will be no salvage value at the end of the 20-year
service life. The recommended (optimal) improvement projects and
costs will be initiated immediately, however, system upgrades are
not expected to be in full operation for another five years. You
plan to formulate the problem as a linear program and will solve
the problem using Excel Solver and include sensitivity
analysis of the assumed parameters. You are assigned to work as a
team consisting of five (5) or less students to solve the city’s
problem as stated herein.