1. Which of the following pre-biotic molecules may have been the first self-replicating genetic molecules to evolve (acc

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1. Which of the following pre-bioticmolecules may have been the first self-replicating geneticmolecules to evolve (according to Stanley Miller), with nitrogenousbases and amino acids, but no phosphates, no ribose sugars, and nodeoxyribose sugars?
A. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
B. deoxyribonucleic acids
C. dideoxyribonucleic acids
D. ribonucleic acids
E. peptide nucleic acids
2. Which lophotrochozoan phylum inthe animal kingdom has muscles, nerves, an excretory system, adigestive system, and a circulatory system with hemoglobin, but nodeuterostome development?
A. phylum Platyhelminthes
B. phylum Cnidaria
C. phylum Porifera
D. phylum Annelida
E. phylum Urochordata
3. Genetic information flow, aspresently understood, includes all of the following processesexcept:
A. self-replication of RNA from an RNA template (using RDRP)
B. reverse-translation of RNA from aprotein template (using ribosomes)
C. self-replication of DNA from a DNA template (using DDDP)
D. reverse-transcription of DNA from an RNA template (usingRDDP)
E. transcription of RNA from a DNA template (using DDRP)