Question 14 Answer following two questions based on a research abstract below. Abstract Objective: To assess the outcome

[answerhappygod]

Question 14 Answer following two questions based on a
research abstract below. Abstract Objective: To assess the outcomes
for the first year following the initiation of a multisite
community pharmacy care services (PCS) program for patients with
diabetes. Setting: 80 community pharmacy providers with diabetes
certificate program training who were reimbursed for PCS by
employers in Greensboro, N.C., Wilson, N.C., Dublin, Ga., Manitowoc
County, Wis., and Columbus, Ohio. Patients: 256 patients with
diabetes covered by self-insured employers’ health plans.
Interventions: Community pharmacist patient care services using
scheduled consultations, clinical goal setting, monitoring, and
collaborative drug therapy management with physicians and referrals
to diabetes educators. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in
glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C), blood pressure, influenza vaccinations, foot examinations,
eye examinations, patient goals for nutrition, exercise, and
weight, patient satisfaction, and changes medical and medication
utilization and costs. Results: Over the initial year of the
program, participants’ mean A1C decreased from 7.9% at initial
visit to 7.1%, mean LDL-C decreased from 113.4 mg/dL to 104.5
mg/dL, and mean systolic blood pressured decreased from 136.2 mm Hg
to 131.4 mm Hg. During this time, influenza vaccination rate
increased from 52% to 77%, the eye examination rate increased from
46% to 82%, and the foot examination rate increased from 38% to
80%. Patient satisfaction with overall diabetes care improved from
57% of responses in the highest range at baseline to 87% at this
level after 6 months, and 95.7% of patients reported being very
satisfied or satisfied with the diabetes care provided by their
pharmacists. Total mean health care costs per patient were $918
lower than projections for the initial year of enrollment.
Conclusion: Patients who participated in the program had
significant improvement in clinical indicators of diabetes
management, higher rates of self-management goal setting and
achievement, and increased satisfaction with diabetes care, and
employers experienced a decline in mean projected total direct
medical costs. Based on the above abstract, which kind of following
validities was the most concerning (or under threats) for this
study? Group of answer choices
Internal validity
External validity
Conclusion validity
Construct validity
Question 15 Answer following two questions based on a research
abstract below. Abstract Objective: To assess the outcomes for the
first year following the initiation of a multisite community
pharmacy care services (PCS) program for patients with diabetes.
Setting: 80 community pharmacy providers with diabetes certificate
program training who were reimbursed for PCS by employers in
Greensboro, N.C., Wilson, N.C., Dublin, Ga., Manitowoc County,
Wis., and Columbus, Ohio. Patients: 256 patients with diabetes
covered by self-insured employers’ health plans. Interventions:
Community pharmacist patient care services using scheduled
consultations, clinical goal setting, monitoring, and collaborative
drug therapy management with physicians and referrals to diabetes
educators. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in glycosylated
hemoglobin (A1C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),
blood pressure, influenza vaccinations, foot examinations, eye
examinations, patient goals for nutrition, exercise, and weight,
patient satisfaction, and changes medical and medication
utilization and costs. Results: Over the initial year of the
program, participants’ mean A1C decreased from 7.9% at initial
visit to 7.1%, mean LDL-C decreased from 113.4 mg/dL to 104.5
mg/dL, and mean systolic blood pressured decreased from 136.2 mm Hg
to 131.4 mm Hg. During this time, influenza vaccination rate
increased from 52% to 77%, the eye examination rate increased from
46% to 82%, and the foot examination rate increased from 38% to
80%. Patient satisfaction with overall diabetes care improved from
57% of responses in the highest range at baseline to 87% at this
level after 6 months, and 95.7% of patients reported being very
satisfied or satisfied with the diabetes care provided by their
pharmacists. Total mean health care costs per patient were $918
lower than projections for the initial year of enrollment.
Conclusion: Patients who participated in the program had
significant improvement in clinical indicators of diabetes
management, higher rates of self-management goal setting and
achievement, and increased satisfaction with diabetes care, and
employers experienced a decline in mean projected total direct
medical costs. Based on the above abstract, which of following data
collection methods was NOT likely involved in this study? Group of
answer choices
Questionnaire & Interview
Observation
Clinical Record Review