Solid veterinary formulations for ruminants require special design to be suitable for delivery through the oral route of

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Solid veterinary formulations for ruminants require special
design to be suitable for delivery through the oral route of
administration. Answer the following questions.
1. Discuss TWO features of the anatomy of the GIT (for
ruminants) which prevent the design of immediate release oral solid
formulations for ruminants. [2 marks]
2. Elanco Rumensin capsule (monensin sodium) is an example of a
registered long-acting oral sold formulation for cattle in
Australia. Discuss how the design and formulation of the capsule is
suitable for the anatomy of the GIT of cattle and as a long-acting
medicine. Your answer should include the drug release mechanism and
kinetics. [6 marks]
3. The drug monensin sodium is available in other formulations
including as feed additive premix. Explain TWO disadvantages of
formulating the drug as feed additive premix compared to the
long-acting Elanco Rumensin capsule. [2 marks]