Do not copy the answers from other solutions, and please solve the question in a detailed and understandable manner, tog

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Laboratory Experiment No._4_ STUDY OF ZENER DIODE & LED > Objectives • To understand the concept of Zener diode and LED diode in an electric circuit. • To be able to create a circuit diagram using Zener diode and LED diode in MULTISM program. • To visually differentiate Zener and LED diode on what it does to a circuit and its purpose. Introduction Zener diode is a type of silicon semiconductor that allows current to flow in either forward or reverse direction. It is like a standard PN junction diode which is heavily doped. It operates just like the normal diode when in the forward-bias mode, and has a turn-on voltage of between 0.3 and 0.7 V. However, when connected in the reverse mode, which is usual in most of its applications, a small leakage current C may flow. As the reverse voltage increases to the predetermined breakdown voltage (V), a current. starts flowing through the diode. The current increases to a maximum, which is determined by the series resistor, after which it stabilizes and remains constant over a wide range of applied voltage. This diode is used as a voltage regulator because when the voltage Symbol Aroce (A) Reverse Bus N₂ Izma Forward Current "Zoner" Breakdown Region Constart Zeer Voltage Forward Bas Region W 03-07 Reverse Curent V Forward Blas
drop across the diode remains constant over a wide range of voltages.As shown in the diagram, the load voltage equals breakdown voltage VZ of the diode. The series resistor limits the current through the diode and drops the excess voltage when tbediede is conducting. Input Voltage V1 R Output Voltage V2 Load LED or Light Emitting Diode is another type of semiconductor that has similar characteristics as a standard PN junction diode. This means that during forward direction the current would pass but in a reverse direction the current would be blocked. This diode is made of very thin layer of fairly heavily doped semiconductor material and depending on the semiconductor material used and the amount of doping, when forward biased an LED will emit a colored light at a particular spectral wavelength. When the diode is forward blased, electrons from the semiconductors conduction band recombine with holes from the valence band releasing sufficient energy to produce photons which emit a single colored of light. Because of this thin layer a reasonable number of these photons can leave the junction and radiate away producing a colored light output. This diode is not made of silicon nor germanium but is made of exotic semiconductor compounds such as Gallium Arsenide, Gallium Phosphide, Gallium Arsenide Phosphide, Silicon Carbide or Gallium Indium Nitride all mixed together at different ratios to produce a distinct wavelength of color. From the table, we can see that each LED has its own forward voltage drop across the PN junction and this parameter which is determined by the semiconductor material used, is the (0) L Cuent 10 LED Type Coker V
forward voltage drop for a specified amount of forward conduction current, typically for a forward current of 20mA. > Components 1) Zener Diode I. II. III. IV. V. VI. 2) LED I. II. III. IV. V. VI. 12 volts DC voltage Source (v1) 1 kilo ohms resistor (R1) 500 ohms resistor (R2) Zener Diode (02822.2) Ground (EMPTY) Probe 1-3 (Instantaneous voltage and current) 2) LED 5 V, 50 Hz AC voltage Source (V1) 2 ohms resistor (R1) 1 kilo ohms resistor (R2) LED (BLUE) Ground (EMPTY) Probe 1-3 (From dynamic probe setting) > Circuit Diagram 1) Zener Diode V1 12 V Probe3 0 R2 5000 Probez ay D1 02BZ2.2 Probel R1 $1.0KG
ARCTW. up ATW ANLEIDRA 2.77 FRE: 2. LED 20 L PHO VI 5 > Simulation Results 1. Zener Diode 38 Section: VLNY *20*4 VE: 3.78 V-32 19- 100) 201 LEDI * THEY 199 R2 1.00 ANCTI 24 ANTON A VALV PRACT D 14 ப: 3.784 L F 30.0
> Conclusion