- A Case Control Study Was Conducted To Examine The Association Between Exposure To Drinking Water Contaminated With Lead 1 (94.25 KiB) Viewed 33 times
B. toward the null; underestimate
C. away from the null; overestimate
D. away from the null; underestimate
A case-control study was conducted to examine the association between exposure to drinking water contaminated with lead and autism in children. All children newly diagnosed with autism at a specific clinic in Flint, Michigan between January 1, 2016 and January 31, 2016 were identified as cases, and children seen in the same clinic between January 1, 2016 and January 31, 2016 who were not diagnosed with autism were chosen as controls. The parents of cases and controls were then asked whether they had consumed municipal water from the city of Flint at any point between the start of the contamination of lead in the Flint water crisis. Suppose that parents of children newly diagnosed with autism are more likely to correctly recall the exposure of their children to the contaminated drinking water, which leads to underreporting of the exposure in the controls. Compare the true odds ratio and the estimate of the true odds ratio obtained from the study below. "True Effect" Drank Contaminated Water Estimate of True Effect (Study Data) Did Not Drink Contaminated Water 70 Drank Contaminated Water Autism Diagnosis 30 Did Not Drink Contaminated Water 70 toward the null; overestimate 30 Autism Diagnosis 8 No Autism Diagnosis 92 18 No Autism Diagnosis 82 Due to the bias you identified above, the estimate of the true odds ratio obtained from the study is biased . The estimate of the true odds ratio obtained from the study is an of the true odds ratio.