In the early months of 2015, in Homa Bay County, Kenya, a total of 17 patients were admitted at a local hospital within

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In the early months of 2015, in Homa BayCounty, Kenya, a total of 17 patients were admittedat a local hospital within a span of 48 hours with acutegastrointestinal problems. Although the patients were severelydehydrated, none had died so far. In addition to profusewatery diarrhea, the patients presented with severedehydration, vomiting, muscular cramps andunconsciousness. Culturing of the stools identifiedGram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, fermentative rods,expressing the serogroup O1 (Ogawa) antigen. What is themajor mechanism by which the exotoxin elaborated bythis bacteria induces this type of clinical presentation?
a.
By inducing actin polymerization in enterocytes leading tohypersecretion of water and electrolytes
b.
By suppressing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levelsleading to hypersecretion of water and electrolytes
c.
By elevating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels inenterocytes leading to hypersecretion of water and electrolytes
d.
By activating the enteric nervous system resulting in increasedintestinal motility
e.
By forming pores on enterocytes leading to hypersecretion ofwater and electrolytes
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