Static and Batteries and Bulbs Purpose To explore various arrangements of batteries and bulbs, as well as the effects of

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Static and Batteries and Bulbs Purpose To explore various arrangements of batteries and bulbs, as well as the effects of those arrangements on bulb brightness Apparatus 2 C-cell or D-cell batteries 4 connecting wires 2 miniature bulbs (screw-base flashlight bulbs, 3-V to 6-V) 2 miniature bulb sockets Discussion Many devices include electronic circuitry, much of it quite complicated. Complex circuits are made, however, from simple circuits. In this activity, you will build one of the simplest yet most useful circuits ever invented-that for lighting a light bulb! Procedure Step 1: Remove the bulb from the mini-socket. a. In the space below, draw a detailed diagram of the bulb, showing the following parts of the bulb's "anatomy" glass bulb filament lead separator (glass bead) screw base base-contact insulation ring filament leads (tiny wires that lead to the filament) b. There are four parts of the bulb's anatomy that you can touch (without having to break the bulb). Two of them are made of conducting material (metal), and two are made of insulating material: List them. 404 Conducting parts on the outside of the bulb: Insulating parts on the outside of the bulb: base contact (made of lead) 107 BATTERIES AND BULBS
Step 2: Examine the two diagrams of a working electric circuit shown below. The diagram on the left shows pictorial representations of circuit elements. The diagram on the right shows symbolic representations. Use the symbolic representations in the steps that follow. light bulb or other device that uses energy wire Using a bare bulb (out of its socket), one battery, and two wires, try lighting the bulb in as many ways as you can. On a separate sheet, sketch at least two different arrangements that work. Also sketch at least two arrangements that don't work. Be sure to label each of them either works or doesn't work. two batteries Step 3: Using a bare bulb (out of its socket), one battery, and one wire, try lighting the bulb in as many ways as you can. a. Sketch your arrangements, and note the ones that work. Figure 1. Simple Circuit b. Is it possible to light the bulb using the battery and no wires? Explain. ATTERIES AND BULBS Step 4: Connect one bulb (in its socket) to two batteries as shown in Figure 1. This arrangement is often referred to as a simple circuit. 108 Figure 2. Series Circuit
Step 5: Connect the bulbs, batteries, and wire as shown in Figure 2. When the bulbs are connected one after the other like this, the result is a series circuit. a. How does the brightness of each bulb in the series circuit compare with the brightness of the bulb in a simple circuit? What happens if one of the bulbs in a series circuit is removed? (Do this by unscrewing a bulb from its socket.) Step 6: Connect the bulbs, batteries, and wire as shown in Figure 3. When the bulbs are connected along separate paths like this, the result is a parallel circuit. a. How does the brightness of each bulb in the parallel circuit compare with the brightness of the bulb in a simple circuit? b. What happens if one of the bulbs in a parallel circuit is removed? Summing Up 1. With what two parts of the bulb does the bulb socket make contact? +|₁| Figure 3. Parallel Circuit 2. What do successful arrangements of batteries and bulbs have in common? 3. How do you suppose most of the circuits in your home are wired-in series or in parallel? What is your evidence? 109 4. How do you suppose automobile headlights are wired-in series or in parallel? What is your evidence? BATTERIES AND BULBS