FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1 [100 Marks] Francis Bacon generally is credited with the line “knowledge is power”. It appears th

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FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1 [100 Marks] Francis Bacon generally is
credited with the line “knowledge is power”. It appears that this
is one adage that Australia’s university managers generally have
read, because there is a plethora of surveys, research and
professional articles asserting the selective control of
communication channels in Australian universities. Despite the
rhetoric of openness and transparency, systemic information
generally is on a ‘need to know’ basis in that while issues of
importance usually are communicated to staff, the depth of content
and strategic knowledge associated with that communication
generally is very superficial, and the timing of communications
frequently is such that decisions have already been made or at best
determined before staff receive their first information. Further,
the application of the ‘commercial-in-confidence’ label is the
subject of increasing usage and serves to keep key information in
the hands of a select few within the university. Much of the
information flow from management to staff occurs through committee
and meeting structures or informal conversation, such that
management has an additional capacity to determine who knows what
and how much about what is going on inside the organisation.
Without access to timely and comprehensive information, it is
difficult for staff to contribute in creative and innovative ways
to the direction and performance of their university. This becomes
even more problematic when the ‘upward’ flow of information and
ideas is subject to even more constraints and restraints than the
‘downward’ flow. Rea (2011:6) reports that in Australia’s
universities, “many accuse senior managers of not listening to
informed advice or criticism ... Complaints and complainants are to
be ‘managed’, not resolved ... [and as a result] ... there is great
wariness among university staff of speaking out”. Richard Smith and
David Lynch, 2012 Extract from Leadership Constraints and
Restraints Under the ‘New Managerialism’ Answer ALL the questions
in this section. Question 2 (25 Marks)
Write down a literature review section by using most recent
research findings from at least FIVE (5) articles in relation to
the
topic under investigation.