Analysis of traffic flow is key for measuring roadway performance and for traffic design. In the following task you need to examine traffic characteristics of a given road and derive fundamental traffic flow parameters.For this task you will need to:• Provide background study and procedure.• Derive traffic flow parameters from on-road collected data.• Plot speed-density-flow diagrams and identify all the relevant values on the plots• Calculate the probability of vehicle arrivals.• Provide analysis and discussion.You will need to describe the tasks above.
Analysis of traffic flow is key for measuring roadway performance and for traffic design. In the following task you need to examine traffic characteristics of a given road and derive fundamental traffic flow parameters.
For this task you will need to:
• Provide background study and procedure.
• Derive traffic flow parameters from on-road collected data.
• Plot speed-density-flow diagrams and identify all the relevant values on the plots
• Calculate the probability of vehicle arrivals.
• Provide analysis and discussion.
You will need to describe the tasks above.
TASK 2 (2000 words)
Travel volumes constantly change over time as a result of changes in economics and individuals’ behavioural pattern. Accurate forecasting of travel volumes is fundamental to the design of new roadways, public transportation planning, and changes in land use policies. Modelling travel demand includes a series of steps that together simulate travellers’ behaviour in a system. In the following tasks you need to complete these steps to calculate travel demand to design a transportation system.For this task you will need to:• Provide background study and fundamental knowledge of transportation design andsystem.• Estimate trip rates between traffic zones within a system by applying trip generationequations.• Calculate trip distributions between those zones using the gravity model.• Calculate utilities of different transportation modes between the zones and theirassociated probabilities and trip rates.• Conduct trip assignment on different routes between the zones by solving anequilibrium problem using an iterative approach.• Include analysis and discussion of the results obtained.You will need to put together a design report covering the tasks above.
Travel volumes constantly change over time as a result of changes in economics and individuals’ behavioural pattern. Accurate forecasting of travel volumes is fundamental to the design of new roadways, public transportation planning, and changes in land use policies. Modelling travel demand includes a series of steps that together simulate travellers’ behaviour in a system. In the following tasks you need to complete these steps to calculate travel demand to design a transportation system.
For this task you will need to:
• Provide background study and fundamental knowledge of transportation design and
system.
• Estimate trip rates between traffic zones within a system by applying trip generation
equations.
• Calculate trip distributions between those zones using the gravity model.
• Calculate utilities of different transportation modes between the zones and their
associated probabilities and trip rates.
• Conduct trip assignment on different routes between the zones by solving an
equilibrium problem using an iterative approach.
• Include analysis and discussion of the results obtained.
You will need to put together a design report covering the tasks above.
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Assessment Details: Task 2 (80 marks) Title: Design a transportation system using the systems analysis approach Style: Report with analysis and interpretation of the results Rationale: The assessment and task is to help build and develop the skill and knowledge of highway and transportation engineering together with problem solving and analytical skills. This is reflected to the both learning outcomes LO3 and LO4 of the module. Description: Travel volumes constantly change over time as a result of changes in economics and individuals' behavioural pattern. Accurate forecasting of travel volumes is fundamental to the design of new roadways, public transportation planning, and changes in land use policies. Modelling travel demand includes a series of steps that together simulate travellers' behaviour in a system. In the following tasks you need to complete these steps to calculate travel demand to design a transportation system. For this task you will need to: • Provide background study and fundamental knowledge of transportation design and system. • Estimate trip rates between traffic zones within a system by applying trip generation equations. • Calculate trip distributions between those zones using the gravity model. Calculate utilities of different transportation modes between the zones and their associated probabilities and trip rates. • Conduct trip assignment on different routes between the zones by solving an equilibrium problem using an iterative approach. Include analysis and discussion of the results obtained. You will need to put together a design report covering the tasks above. ●
Coursework 1 Weighting: 50% Hand-in deadline 12pm Mid-day on Friday, 11 March 2022 Task1 (20%) Following is the vehicle data collected from a 1 lane street. Data is collected at a fixed location. Table 1. Traffic data including time and speed of passing vehicles. Time (hh:mm:ss) 12:00:05 12:01:00 12:01:01 12:01:02 12:01:04 12:01:14 12:01:21 12:01:21 12:01:27 12:01:35 12:01:44 12:01:52 12:02:01 12:02:04 12:02:05 12:02:10 12:02:15 12:02:24 12:02:29 12:02:38 12:02:46 12:02:50 TITU 12:00:11 12:00:20 12:00:27 12:00:34 12:00:38 12:00:48 12:00:52 12:01:00 ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Speed (km/hr) 46 489999 45 50 47 47 50 48 47 50 47 49 51 50 45 888888558288 49 51 49 47 47 46 50 50 50 50 46 50 48
The street's jam density is 200 (veh/km) and its free flow speed is 50 (km/hr). Assume all vehicles drive at constant speed. Derive traffic flow parameters including time headway, traffic flow, time mean speed, and density. Calculate the maximum flow that the street can handle (or capacity of the street, i.e. qcap) and kcap. Plot speed-density-flow diagrams and show all the derived values on the curves. Task2 (80%) A city council wants to update its urban transport modelling system for an area with four traffic zones. It also has some budget to work on the roads and modes of transport from zone 1 to zone 4 and needs to find the details of mode and route choice for trips from zone 1 to zone 4 of the system to plan the upgrade. The council hired you to predict the trip production and trip attraction in its area, find trip distribution between different traffic zones, and give detailed analysis of mode choice and route choice from zone 1 to zone 4. The characteristics of the zones are provided in Table 2: Table 2. Population, income, employment, and land price for each one Population Average yearly income (in thousand people) (in thousand pounds) Zonel 181 Zone2 441 Zone3 300 Zone4 250 31 41 24 43 Employment (in thousand people) 65 44 135 193 Land price (in thousand pounds per square meter) 2.7 3.1 2.5 4.1 All the information you require for the project are provided in the appendix 1-4. (Not: Round the number of trips to the closest whole number of trips in your answer, for example, 2.4314 thousands vehicles will be 2431 veh.) Your report should follow four steps, each step provided in a separate section with its own heading, as well as an introduction, analysis, discussion, and conclusion: 1. Trip production and trip attraction for each zone, 2. Trip distribution across four zones, 3. Mode choice from zone 1 to zone 4, 4. Route choice from zone 1 to zone 4 for car mode. Your report should have: • Calculated trip production and attraction for each zone and present it in a tabular format. • Calculated the trip rates between the four zones, i.e. trip distribution. • Number of travellers per mode, from zone 1 to zone 4. In your report to the city council you need to interpret the meaning of the coefficients in the utility functions, how they affect utility and the final results (number of travellers). (Tips: For this task you need to calculate utilities for
each mode. Calculate probability of each mode. Then calculated number of travellers for each mode.) • For route choice between the two routes available between zone 1 and zone 4, you need to consider car-mode trips and calculate traffic flow, corresponding travel time on each route, and total travel time for the designed traffic. Then you need to optimise the system to have a minimum travel time and suggest this traffic distribution to your client. Find traffic flow, corresponding travel time on each route, and total travel time for this designed traffic. Indicate how much travel time your proposed design will save. In your report to the council, you need to plot travel time versus traffic flow for both routes in one graph and show the optimal solutions on the graph and describe your proposed distribution. Appendix 1 Equations for trip production and trip attractions per day for each zone: Trip production (in thousand trips) = 49.02 +1.79.x₁ -1.57.x2 x₁: population in the zone (in thousands people) X₂: average yearly income in the zone (in thousand pounds) Appendix 2 Trip attraction (in thousand trips) = -204.12 +3.69* x3 +228.4*xa x₁: employment in the zone (in thousand people) x4: land price in the zone (in thousand pounds per square meter) Zone ID 1 2 3 4 Zone ID 1 2 3 4 Table 3. Friction between each pair of ones 2 1.1 0.89 1.4 1.5 1 0.89 1.4 1.2 0.92 Table 4. Estimated K parameter 2 0.75 1 1.17 0.87 0.98 0.79 3 0.75 0.81 0.89 0.7 1.25 0.79 0.83 3 1.12 0.94 1.14 1.25 4 0.75 0.8 0.79 0.89 4 1.05 0.73 0.91 1.10
Appendix 3 Utility functions for the available modes from zone 1 to zone 4, and the detailed tabulated data of each mode. Ucar 3.2-0.28x₁-0.04x2-0.03.x₂ Uus=-0.28x₁-0.02x₂-0.02.xy x₁: travel cost (pounds) x₂: in vehicle travel time (minutes) Mode Utrain = 1.5-0.28 x₁-0.01x₂-0.02.xs xy: out of vehicle travel time (minutes) Table 5. Average cost and time of a trip between two locations Car Bus Train Travel cost (£) 10 5 8 In vehicle travel time (min) t₂ 20 35 25 Appendix 4 Travel time of the two routes that goes from zone 1 to zone 4 follows the equations bellow: t₁ = 5 + x₁ = 7+2x₂ Out of vehicle travel time (min) 0 8 12 t₁ = travel time on route i (minutes) x₁ = traffic flow on route i (10 thousands vehicles) so for example 10000 trips will be 1, and 25000 trips will be 2.5, etc.)