(c) The refractive index, n for ionosphere are given by these expressions; 81N and n=1- sin 8 sin 0, N-electron density,

[answerhappygod]

C The Refractive Index N For Ionosphere Are Given By These Expressions 81n And N 1 Sin 8 Sin 0 N Electron Density 1 (28.09 KiB) Viewed 35 times

(c) The refractive index, n for ionosphere are given by these expressions; 81N and n=1- sin 8 sin 0, N-electron density, , is incident angle, and, is refracted angle n= Using above expressions, derive the critical frequency, fe and maximum usable frequency (MUF) (6 marks) (d) Two points on earth are 1500 km apart and are communicate by means of HF. Given that this is to be a single-hop transmission, the critical frequency at that time is 7 MHz and the height of the ionospheric layer is 300 km, calculate (i) the MUF (ii) (iii) the optimum working frequency (OWF) the angle of radiation