Chapter 5 Worksheet (Nutritional Genomics) 1. is the study of the structure and function of proteins in living organisms

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Chapter 5 Worksheet (Nutritional Genomics) 1. is the study of the structure and function of proteins in living organisms. 2. nucleotides make up human DNA. 3. The ELSI deals with ways to ensure that genetic information about an individual will be used and that the individual's will be protected 4. Nutrition professionals will need to be able to read and know which diseases clients are susceptible to and which therapeutic approaches will be most effective in reducing their susceptibility. 5. In DNA adenine will pair only with and cytosine will only pair with In RNA uracil may take the place of thymine to be paired with adenine. 6. Each set of three nucleotides in the exon make up a which specified an amino acid in the protein 7. A gene also contains which are sequences interspersed between exons that do not code for amino acids. 8. RNA polymerase transcribes the exons and introns into mRNA, which then undergoes so that the introns are removed before the protein is synthesized. 9. Upstream from the S-prime end of the promoter region is the regulatory region, where control of the process takes place. Within this region are sequences called that serve as binding sites for regulatory proteins such as transcription factors and theirbound ligands. 10. Silent mutations have effect on function 11. When a particular allele exists in greater than 1% of the population, it is called a genetic This explains why humans are 99.9% alike genetically, and distinctly different at the same time. 12. The single nucleotide polymorphism is a variation in a DNA sequence due to nucleotide.
13. A gene is said to have when not everyone who has the gene expresses it in a measurable form. 14. is an epigenetic phenomenon that results when the genetic change is the same but different phenotypes result 15. disorders are the most common of the Mendelian inherited disorders and include numerous metabolic disorders of amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, AKA inborn errors of metabolism. 16. No nutrition-related disorders have been conclusively assigned to the chromosome. 17. A common variation in the MTHFR gene is the 6770T gene variant, which involves substitution of thymine for cytosine at position 677 causing accumulate 18. The omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids have also been found to serve as ligands for the proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) transcription factors which are involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and foam cell formation. 19. Complete the following table: to Chromosome affected Syndrome Down syndrome or risomy 21 Cri du chat syndrome or trisomy 18 Klinefelter's syndrome Williams syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Angelman's syndrome Prader-Willi syndrome 20. Explain nutritional genomics and discuss the human genome project 21. Explain DNA transcription 22. Explain RNA translation
23. Discuss autosomal recessive inheritance and give examples 24. Explain ESLI and give an example an RD might face Clinical Scenario 1: Jared and Matthew are identical twins who grew up together but have lived apart since college Jared stayed in the Northeast and majored in accounting. He is now a CPA in a high-profile accounting firm, working long hours in a stressful environment. Matthew went to school on the West Coast, where he studied nutrition and exercise physiology and now manages the wellness program at a large fitness center. At age 30 the two brothers are noticeably different in weight and body shape. Jared has a BMI of 36, has developed central obesity, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. Matthew is lean and has a normal blood pressure and normal blood sugar regulation Nutrition Diagnosis for Jared: Overweight/obesity related to possible genetic susceptibility, overeating with snacks and consumption of large meals as evidenced by central obesity and body mass index of 36. 1. Because they are identical twins, would you have expected the two brothers to have similar health profiles? 2. How would you expect their diets to be different? 3. What is going on? Does Matthew not have the same genetic susceptibilities that Jared has? If not, why not? If so, why doesn't Matthew exhibit the same phenotype as Jared? 4. What would you advice Jared to do to decrease his genetic susceptibility to diabetes. I
Clinical Scenario 2: Maria is in her early thirties and planning to have a child before too long. Recently the ethnic community in which she lives has begun an awareness campaign to alert the population that is now well established that this particular ethnic group has an increased frequency of the MTHFR 677CMT gene variant and to educate residents about their options for minimizing any negative effects of having this variant. Nutrition Diagnosis: Nutrition-related knowledge deficit related to nutrigenetic counseling for pregnancy as evidenced by client questions about nutrition and high-risk pregnancy. 1. Would nutrigenetic testing be of help to Maria? If not, why not? If so, in what ways might testing be beneficial? 2. If she has the gene variant MTHFR 677C>T, what are the implications for Maria? 3. As a nutrition professional, what would be your advice to her?