- Lab 1 Report Thermal Properties Ideal Gas Equation And Molecular Speed Partners Objective Tria Niey Nigh Width 1 W 1 (51.01 KiB) Viewed 24 times
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3. Attach Excel Plot below. Answer question here: Tria Ny Temp. T(K) 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 234567 1 44 #1 2 # 3. # N Table 2 Dependence of Pressure on Temperature and Volume of a Gas Average Velocity, repeated readings (m/s) H 8 650 Chamber width, w = 10 mm Analysis and sample calculation (Part II): 1. Average of V values: 2. T¹2 => 3. Attach Excel Plot below. Answer question here: 4. Attach Excel Plot below. Answer question here: Post Lab Questions: 1 T¹¹ (K¹) Conclusion: ii Ave, value V. (m/s)
PROCEDURE (Part I) 1. Click on the link below to start the experiment and choose the frame Ideal. https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/gas ... es_en.html Open the Particles panel (click on the green + sign) to be able to count the number of particles N in the chamber. You will be able to hold the temperature, volume, or pressure of the chamber using the options on the top right-hand panel. Options T and P are activated once particles are inserted in the chamber. To study the mutual dependence between any two of the variables, we will hold the third variable constant as part of the experimental design. 2. Start by holding nothing constant (default) and pump some gas in the chamber. Choose light, heavy or a combination of gas particles. Let the total number of particles be between 200 and 300. Record the breakdown between the heavy and light particles and the total number N on Table 1. For the rest of the experiment, keep the particle numbers unchanged. Click to select the width box and set the width at 10.0 nm, using the left handle. Record this value in Table 1. ii 3. You will first explore the relation between temperature T and pressure P with the volume V held constant (check the circle next to volume V to hold it constant). Hold the temperature at 300 + 1 K using the heating/cooling knob. The heater knob is very sensitive - so it would be okay to get within + 1 K of the target value if you have difficulty attaining the exact value. The pressure will also be fluctuating around some average value; estimate the average pressure P by taking 5 - 6 readings from the pressure gauge by pausing (click on the Il button) and then restarting the simulation. Record your individual pressure readings under designated column in Table 1, separated by commas, in the Lab report. 4. Increase the temperature T by 50 K steps, gently sliding the heater knob up and reading the corresponding pressure values (5-6 readings) as above. Record the pressure data across from the T value. Take eight sets of data for the given T values and enter in Table 1. 5. Now hold the temperature constant at the current value of T = 650 K (check the circle next to T). You may like to change the number of particles of the two different species for this exploration of P-V dependence. Take 5-6 random readings of pressure for the width of 10 nm. Record your pressure readings under the designated column in Table 1. 6. Change the volume by increasing the container width by 0.5 nm steps and measure pressure as above. Take eight sets of data for the given width values and enter in Table 1.
ANALYSIS (Part I) 1. Calculate average pressure P from the individual Pi readings: P = (ZP)/n, where i = 1, 2, ... n. Enter in the designated column for average pressure P (atm). 2. Plot P vs T graph for the constant V using Excel. Choose the independent variable T along the x-axis and P along the y-axis. Is the graph linear? If so, use a linear fit and write down the equation of the best-fit straight-line. If not, use a power law fit of y=x". What is the value of n? Based on the fit, are the variables directly or inversely proportional? 3. Plot P vs. V graph for constant T using Excel. Choose the independent variable w (for V, which is w) along the x-axis and P along the y-axis. Is the graph linear? If so, use a linear fit and write down the equation of the straight-line fit. If not, use a power law fit of y=x". What is the value of n? What does it say about the relation between pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature? Are the variables directly or inversely proportional? PROCEDURE (Part II) 1. Click on the link below to start the experiment and choose the frame Energy. https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/gas ... es_en.html This simulation uses the same set-up as above with a fixed volume (10.0 nm width) and additional panels that calculate Average Speed and provide a histogram of speed distribution 2. Fill the container with heavy particles totaling~ 400. Wait until an equilibrium is reached. Record the number of particles in Table 2. Set the temperature at 300 + 1 K using the Heat/Cool knob. To estimate the average speed, take 5-6 readings of Average Speed from the top panel (by pausing/restarting the simulation repeatedly) and record your data, separated by commas, under the designated column in Table 2. 3. Increase the temperature by 50 K steps and record the pressure readings as above across from the respective temperature T. Take eight sets of data for the given T and record in the Table 2.
ANALYSIS (Part II) 1 Calculate the average of the Vav values from the recorded readings of Average Speed and enter it under the designated column Vav (m/s). 2 Calculate T1/2 values and enter in the designated column. 3 Plot Vav vs T graph for constant V using Excel. Choose the independent variable T along the x- axis and Vav along the y-axis. The graph will be a curve bending downwards. Use a power law fit of the form y = x". What is the value of n? 4 Plot Vav vs T¹/2 graph for constant V using Excel. Choose the independent variable T¹/2 along the x-axis and Vav along the y-axis. The graph should be linear. Use a linear fit and write down the equation of the best-fit straight-line. What is the slope of the best fit line? POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. If the pressure is held constant, how will the temperature T of a chamber change as the volume is increased, if the number of particles remain constant? Answer based on the Ideal gas equation. Verify using the simulation (Ideal frame) - report your observations with two sets of width vs T data, for fixed P and N values. 2. For any of the trials from Table 1, use the temperature, pressure, particle number, and width data to calculate the cross-sectional area A of the chamber using the Ideal gas equation. Show your calculation and specify the trial number of the data used. 3. Insert same number of heavy and light particles in the chamber at a given temperature (Energy frame). How are the Vav for each species different? Is the result consistent with kinetic molecular theory?