Procedures: The experiment was carried out as follows: Make a saturated solution of borax at 60 °C. You will know it is

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Procedures: The experiment was carried out as follows: Make a saturated solution of borax at 60 °C. You will know it is saturated if there is solid that won't dissolve. A saturated solution is at equilibrium, so any concentrations we measure will be the equilibrium concentrations. Take 5 mL of the saturated solution and titrate with HCI. Cool the solution 10 degrees then take another portion and titrate it. Repeat until you are at room temperature. The following data was collected:
Record the concentration of HCI used in the experiment (M) Table 1. Data Collection Actual temp (°C) Vol. borate solution (mL) Initial buret reading (ml) Final buret reading (ml) -60°C trial 59.0 5.05 4.32 19.58 -50°C trial 50.2 4.97 19.58 29.90 y AG=-RT In Kap sp In Kap -40°C trial In Ksp AG AH-TAS Which means that you can combine the two equations for AG into: -RT In In Ksp. =AH-TAS -ΔΗ RT -AH 40.7 5.01 m 29.90 36.43 RAT Calculations for titration: Multiple the concentration of HCL times the volume used in the titration (found by subtracting the initial buret reading from the final reading). This is the moles of HCL used. Using the titration equation shown above, calculate the moles of borate from the moles of HCI. Divide by the 5 mL portion of borate solution to get concentration of borate in molarity. Use the borate concentration is the bold Ksp equation above to solve for Ksp. You will do this for each temperature. How to make a graph: Now that you have equilibrium constant values at different temperatures, we can solve for free energy. The free energy change at a given temperature is itself related to both the change in enthalpy, and the change in entropy, by the following equation: (+)+ x -30°C trial TAS RT 31.7 In order to solve for AH and AS, we need to make this equation into something we can easily graph as a straight line. You divide both sides of the equation by-RT, simplify, and define the x axis to be 1/T and the y axis to be lp K: 4.97 AS R 36.43 + b 40.56 0.500 -20°C trial 21.8 4.98 40.56 42.94