A theory of moral status is a bad theory if it suffers from any one, or more, of the following defects: 1. Application o

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A theory of moral status is a bad theory if it suffers from anyone, or more, of the following defects:
1. Application of its criteria includes entities of things thatwe can argue that they do not really have moral status.[OVERINCLUSION]
2. Application of its criteria excludes (leaves out) entities orthings that we can argue that they do really have moral status.[UNDERINCLUSION]
3. Uses criteria that can be argued to be morally irrelevant.[MORAL IRRELEVANCE]
4. Is partial, inherently discriminatory, based on arbitrary orsubjective preferences. [PARTIALITY]
Which one of the following criteria for moral statussuffers from partiality - violates #4?
a. The fetus has moral status when it presents detectable brainwaves.
b. The fetus has moral status since the moment of conceptionbecause it is at that moment that a unique genetic (DNA) signatureemerges.
c. The fetus acquires moral status only if the pregnant womanwishes to carry the pregnancy to its natural end.
d. The fetus has moral status when it is viable outside of thewoman's womb (extra-uterine viability.)