- 3 Use The Accompanying Chart To Enter The Properties Of The Numbered Mineral Specimens And Determine Their Names 8 B 1 (52.53 KiB) Viewed 12 times
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Apatite Augite Biotite Calcite Mineral Identification - Diagnostic Physical Properties Green color, H-5, may show hexagonal crystal form Dark or dull green color, 2 cleavages at-90 degrees, similar properties to Homblende Graphite Gypsum Halite Black color, one perfect direction of cleavage resulting in the mineral pealing into thin, flexible sheets, similar properties to Muscovite H-3, reacts with HCI, 3 directions of cleavage (rhombic cleavage) Corundum H-9, often shows hexagonal crystal form Dolomite Reacts to HCL in its powdered form, similar properties to calcite Fluorite Galena Garnet H-4, 4 directions of cleavage, often purple in color (can be white, clear, yellow, green) Gray, metallic mineral, 3 directions of cleavage (cubic) Typically reddish brown color, no cleavage, commonly found in twelve-sided crystals (dodecahedrons) "Pencil lead, soft metallic mineral, gray streak H-2, can be scratched with a fingernail Sair, H-25, cannot be scratched with a fingernail, 3 directions of cleavage (cubic), salty laste Hematite Reddish brown streak, "rust" Hornblende Black to dk green color, 2 directions of cleavage at 120 or 60 degrees, similar properties to Augite Magnetite Magnetic, metallic mineral Muscovite Clear or translucent color, one perfect direction of cleavage resulting in the mineral pealing into thin, flexible sheets, similar properties to Biotite Olivine Apple green or yellowish green color, H-7 (often difficult to determine), conchoidal fracture, no cleavage Orthoclase H-6, salmon pink color is typical, perthitic intergrowths are common, 2 directions of cleavage at 90 degrees, similar properties to plagioclase Plagioclase H-6, white or gray color, striations may be seen on cleavage surface, 2 directions of cleavage at 90 degrees, similar properties to orthoclase Pyrite Fool's Gold, gold metallic color Quartz H-7, conchoidal fracture, no cleavage, color is typically white or clear but can be pink, red, purple, black Yellow color, "rotten egg" smell if burned Sulfur Talc H-1, very soft, easily scratched by fingemail n each of the following pages you will find an image of a mineral and a series of nhusical ninnartine toate idrake.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY Cleavage Color Crystal Form Fracture Hardness Luster Magnetism Reaction to HCI Specific Gravity Streak Taste Deler ist Mineral Physical Properties Chart Definition* Breakage of a mineral along planes of weakness in the crystal structure Visible light spectrum radiation reflected from a mineral Resistance to scratching or abrasion Geometric shape of a crystal or mineral Breakage of a mineral, not along planes of Examine the mineral for areas where the mineral is broken Describe the breakage as either irregular or conchoidal (has weakness in the crystal structure the appearance of broken glass) Electromagnetic force generated by an object or electrical field Testing Method Examine the mineral for areas where the mineral is broken. Look for areas where the light reflects from planar surfaces This can be easily confused with a crystal face and is the most difficult properties for students to master Look at the sample and determine its color-white, black, green, clear, etc Examine and describe the geometric shape of the mineral-cubic hexagonal, etc. Not commonly seen in most introductory lab samples Character of the light reflected by a mineralook at the sample to determine if the mineral is metallic in appearance (looks like a chunk of metal) or non-metalic (doesn't look like a chunk of metal) Use a magnet to determine if the magnet is attracted to the sample Place one small drop of HCI on a sample a watch for a reaction-effervesces (bubbles) Click here to see an short animation (351 Kb) Chemical interaction of hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate (CaCO₂) Use minerals of known hardness from the Mohs Hardness Kits Scratch the unknown mineral with a known hardness to determine which mineral is harder Continue doing this with harder or softer minerals from the kit until the hardness is determined Color of the mineral when it is powdered Nerve ending reaction in the tongue to different chemicals Ratio of the mass of a mineral to the mass Generally not determined in an introductory lab Look this information up in your lab manual once the mineral has been of an equal volume of water identified Grind a small amount of a mineral into a powder on a porcelain streak plate and determine the color of the powder Lick the mineral (not recommended in an introductory lab-you don't know who has handled or licked the sample before you) Other Fluorescence, Radioactivity Properties Definitions simplified or modified from Bates. RL and JA Jackson (eds) 1987, Glossary of Geology American Geological Institute, Alexandria VA 786 p Requires special equipment such as a UV lamp and geiger counter These are not commonly tested for in an introductory lab