Activity 20.4 Determining Your Blood Type Blood type is a genetically determined trait. It is based on the presence of s

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Activity 20 4 Determining Your Blood Type Blood Type Is A Genetically Determined Trait It Is Based On The Presence Of S 1 (62.04 KiB) Viewed 11 times

Activity 20.4 Determining Your Blood Type Blood type is a genetically determined trait. It is based on the presence of specific glycoprotein molecules, called surface antigens or agglutinogens, on the cell membranes of red blood cells. An individual's immune system recognizes these surface antigens as normal and will not attack them as a foreign substance. Blood plasma contains antibodies or agglutinins, which are each genetically programmed to react with a specific surface antigen if it is present. Thus, if incompatible types of blood are mixed, an antigen-antibody reaction will occur, and the result will be agglutination, or clumping of red blood cells. In humans, there are more than 50 blood groups, but most do not cause significant reactions when different types are mixed. In this activity, you will study two blood groups, ABO and Rh, that cause significant antigenic reactions. The presence or absence of surface antigens is the key factor in determining the compatibility of a blood transfusion. For example, type A blood contains surface antigen A and anti-B antibodies. A type A recipient can receive any blood type that lacks surface antigen B, which could react with anti-B antibodies in the type A blood. Thus, a type A recipient is compatible with type A or type O donors. Which donor blood types are compatible with a type B recipient? Explain. ✪ Which blood type is considered to be a universal donor? Which blood type is considered to be a universal recipient? B Blood type can be determined by observing the presence or absence of agglutination when your blood sample is exposed to anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D (anti-Rh) antibodies. Warning: Blood may contain infectious organisms. Before you begin this activity, carefully review universal precautions described in Appendix A. Make a Prediction Before you begin typing your blood, review the data in Table 20.2, which lists the. distribution of blood types in the United States, and predict your blood type. Predicted blood type: Donor Blood Type A Surface antigen A ***Scanned with CamScanner ۲۱۲ ۲۱ Plasma contains Plasma contains Plasma does not anti-Bantibodies anti-A antibodies contain anti-Aor anti-B antibodies AB O -$REGES NO AGGLUTINATION Blood types are compatible for transfusion 0 45 49 32 TABLE 20.2 Incidence of Blood Types in the United States (%) Population Group Caucasian African American Korean American Japanese American Chinese American Native American Hawaiian 31 Type B 42 Surface antigen B 79 46 A 40 SUNSENS 27 28 39 27 Type AB Surface antigens -A and B 16 Recipient Blood AB 46 -=28=545 11 20 30 21 Kyy Plasma contains both anti-A and anti-8 antibodies AGGLUTINATION: Blood types are not compatible for transfusion. AB a Type O No surface antigens 4 4 10 10 6 1 3 Rh(+) 85 95 100 100 100 100 100