Purpose We'll go for a walk through Loring Park, or your instructor has brought twigs of some common Minnesota trees to

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Purpose We Ll Go For A Walk Through Loring Park Or Your Instructor Has Brought Twigs Of Some Common Minnesota Trees To 1 (163.99 KiB) Viewed 11 times

Purpose We'll go for a walk through Loring Park, or your instructor has brought twigs of some common Minnesota trees to class. Your goal is to identify these trees using a dichotomous key. Some Terminology Opposite: 2 leaves, or twigs, are directly across from each other Alternate: leaves, or twigs, are not directly across from each other Simple leaf: a single leaf blade with a bud at the base of the stem Compound leaf: leaf with more than one blade (the leaflets). All leaflets are attached to a single leaf stem (petiole). Where the leaf stem attaches to the twig there is a bud. Leaflets are in one plane. Petiole: Leaf stem or stalk Petiolule: stem or stalk of leaflet Lobed leaf: leaf with deep indentations; the leaf sections are called lobes, which can be pointed or rounded. Pith: spongy, central tissue in stem or twig Bud: an undeveloped shoot covered by modified leaves (bud scales) for protection. A bud may be terminal (at the tip of the stem), or axillary (on the side of the stem). Leaf scar: scar on twig left after leaf detaches during fall. Bundle scars: scars within leaf scar that show where vascular tissue extended from the stem into the leaf.

Key to trees in the summer 1. - Leaves needle-like or very small, overlapping and 2 scale-like. Tree with cones Leaves are broad, flat and thin. Tree bears no cones 2. Leaves needle-like Leaves scale-like, and hug the twig 3. Leaves in bundles - Leaves single 5. Leaves in bundles of 12 or more - Leaves in bundles of 2 - 5 6. - Leaves in bundles of 5. Cone 4" - 8" long - Leaves in bundles of 2. Cones 1.5" - 2.5" long 8.- Scales flattened, soft. Foliage in flat fan-like sprays Scales not soft, prickly. Cones berry-like and blue 9. Leaves opposite - Leaves alternate 10. Simple leaves Compound leaves 7. - Leaves 0.5"-1" Cone 1" - 2" White spruce - Pine - Leaves less than .5" long. Cone ovoid, less than 1/ Black spruce - Pine family 11. Leaves palmately lobed with 5 pointed lobes - Leaves somewhat lobed 12. - Leaves palmately lobed with 5 pointed lobes. Few narrow long-pointed teeth. Leaves deeply 5-lobed and long-pointed. Leaves doubly saw-toothed. Whitish underside 13. - Leaflets (usually 3 - 5) of different shape - Leaflets (usually 5 - 13) more or less identical 14. - Usually 7 leaflets (sometimes 5 or 9) with small winged leaflet stalks (petiolule) Leaflets, 7 - 13, without stalk (petiolule) Leaflets flush with leaf stalk (petiole) 15. Leaves simple 9 - Leaves compound 3 8 5 7 Larch Pine family 6 White pine - Pine family Red pine Pine family White cedar - Cypress fam. Red cedar or Juniper - Cypress family 10 15 11 13 12 Tatarian maple - Maple fam Sugar maple - Maple family Silver maple - Maple family Box elder Maple family 14 Green ash Olive family Black ash Olive family 16 28

16. Edge of leaves lobed Edge of leaves smooth or saw-toothed 17. Buds clustered at twig ends. Fruits are acorns - Buds not clustered at twig ends. Fruit not an acorn 18. Lobes rounded Lobes pointed 19. Lobed leaves wider near tip of leaf than near petiole Acorn has very deep cup with hairs Lobed leaves more or less uniform in width Acorn only partly covered by a small cup 20. - Leaves deeply lobed, almost to midrib - Leaves lobed less than halfway to midrib 21. - Leaves much longer than broad - Length of leave blades 1 to 2 times that of width 22. - Petiole, or leaf stem, flattened Petiole round 23. Leaf deltoid, D-shaped - Leaf oval to roundish 24. Leaves heart-shaped Leaves elliptical, base with unequal sides 25. Leaves nearly as long as wide - Leaves about twice as long as wide. Bark on stem with high narrow ridges 26. Twigs with corky ridges - Twigs without corky ridges 27. Leaves smooth or slightly rough - Leaves very rough and buds with orange hairs 17 21 18 Russian mulberry Mulberry family 19 20 Bur oak Beech family White oak - Beech family Northern pin oak - Beech family Northern red oak - Beech family Willow Willow family 22 23 24 Cottonwood - Willow family Trembling aspen - Willow family 25 26 Basswood Basswood family Hackberry - Basswood family Rock elm - Elm family 27 American elm - Elm family Slippery elm - Elm family

28. Leaves pinnately compound. Never doubly compound Leaves pinnately compound, and doubly compound, usually at twig tips 29. Less than 11 leaflets - Leaflets 11 or more, chambered pith 29 Honey locust - Pea family Hickory - Walnut family Black walnut - Walnut fam.

Key to trees in the winter A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. Tree with needle or scale-like leaves Tree without leaves Tree with needles and/or cones Tree with scale-like leaves Needles in bundles Needles singly Needles in bundles of 5 Needles in bundles of 2 Needles stiff, > 0.5 inch long; cones > 1.5 inch long Needles stiff, < 0.5 inch long; cones < 1.5 inch long Twigs flattened, leaves entirely scale-like Twigs 4-sided, leaves awl-shaped, prickly Branches, buds, or leaf scars opposite Branches, buds, or leaf scars alternate Buds woolly-brown or black; end bud is dome-shaped; Leaf scars with tiny bundle scars in a U or O shape Buds whitish, brownish, green or bright red; Leaf scars with 3 (rarely 5) bundle scars Buds fuzzy Buds not fuzzy Buds pointed Buds blunt Twig pith chambered Twig pith not chambered Buds red, with 1-3 exposed scales, or appearing scale-less Buds with 4, 6 or more scales Leaf scar with 4 or more bundle scars Leaf with 3 or fewer bundle scars Bundle scar in U-shaped group; side bud placed off-center from leaf scar Bundle scar scattered; cluster of buds at end of twigs Twig pith star shaped; buds sharply pointed Twig pith round; buds round B G CF с DE White Pine Red Pine White Spruce Black Spruce White Cedar Red Cedar H K Ash I Box Elder J Sugar Maple Silver Maple Black Walnut L Basswood M ZO N Elm Oak Aspen Cherries