1a. RIPA (Radio-immunoprecipitation assay) lysis buffer consists of Tris (pH 7.4), sodium chloride, EDTA, sodium fluorid

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1a. RIPA (Radio-immunoprecipitation assay) lysis buffer consists
of Tris (pH 7.4), sodium chloride, EDTA, sodium fluoride, sodium
pyrophosphate, sodium orthovanadate, Triton-X, sodium lauryl
sulphate (SDS), phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), aprotinin,
pepstatin, and leupeptin. State the function of each of these
chemicals in the lysis buffer.
1b. SDS-PAGE gels contain Polyacrylamide
(acrylamide/bisacrylamide) stock, Tris, SDS, ammonium persulphate
and TEMED. Explain how these chemicals contribute to the
polymerization/ running of the gel in western blot?
1c. Why is it necessary to transfer the proteins to
nitrocellulose membrane instead of probing the gel directly?