EXPERIMENT STATISTICS OF POPCORN POPPING OBIECTIVE The leamhow to apply statistics to an experimental data set to measur

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EXPERIMENT STATISTICS OF POPCORN POPPING OBIECTIVE The leamhow to apply statistics to an experimental data set to measure the precision and accuracy of the obtained DISCUSSION When a kemel of popcorn is exposed to beat transfomation occurs resulting in popped" keme of com Along with a visible change in appearance, there is a measurable loss in mes to the popped kemel The mass low by kernels varies depending on the original kemelse but the relative maio quotes well from kernel to keel The mass low is do to the escape of water vapor from theme when pops. The relative percent malow is dependent on the popcom variety, a ong conditions and heating rate these variables are assumed equal for a sample of popcom from the same source and the rate of heating is uniform then the relative percent mass loss of a sample of popcorn Lemes can be statistically cute EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Work in pairs Each group is responsible for developing a technique for popping popcoming a Busen burner. Obtain - 30 kernels of popcorn from the stock bench and transfer, with forcepsakemel into each well of 24 well plate. Devise a numbering system for the well plate Individually, weigheach kemelo analytical balance and record the mass. Keep in mind that it is important to return the kernel to the same well of the well plate VO 0000 Figure 1. Well Plate Used to Hold Popcom Connect and light a Bunsen burner according to your lab instructor's directions. Adjust the burner for moderate heating. Place an uished kernel into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask and loosely fit a cork stopper into the flask. Attach a test tube clamp to the neck of the flask and tighten You will use the testube clamp to hold the flask over the Bunsen burner flame. Wave the flask over the flame until the kemel pop, immediately remove from the heat and transfer the popped kernel by inverting the flask. If the kerel sticks to the flask, use a glass stirring rod to free it. Repeat this procedure until you are an expen emel poppert Observe the kernels before, during, and after heating Note any change observed during the popping process Once the popping technique is perfected individually transfer cach kernel to the flask, pop it, and retumit to the same well of the well plate. Use tweezers to transfer at all times. Burnt or incompletely popped kernels should be excluded from further calculation. Make sure the data set contains a minimum of 20

21 "acceptable" values. When all 24 kernels have been popped, return to the analytical balance and reweigh cach kernel. Calculate the mass lost by each temel Mass loss (9) mass-mas () Calculate the percent mass loss for each kernel % Mass loss mass loss x 100 mas Determine the mean and standard deviation of the mass out for the data set. Compare the mass lost for each kemel are there any values that can be eliminated by the "3D Rule" You should be able to identify a few values that meet this condition. Identify the kernels with an asterisk () in your data sheet next to the kernel to be eliminated Recalculate a new mean without these kernels and then calculate a new deviation, (dand (d) and place these values in the last two columns of the datatable. You can now calculate a new average deviation and standard deviation. Make sure to show your work Using the 3D Rule, determine if any or all data points being questioned for elimination can be eliminated. Show these calculations

Table 1 kernel massa massimass loss (mass loss (*) la/ lal lal lal AL 0.13839 0424390.014041 A2 0.1314410.11930 0.0126 A3 0.16214634b 01103 A4 0.078240.070000.00824 B16122000.11030-0079 B2 D.088009 0.079840-00884 B3 6.1460 0.13260 10.01340 B4 0.15847|0.1236410.01484 0.07000 ci11434|0.062740-00734 C2 0.16051.0.15100 10-01550 C 6.1542410-1393 0.01496 CH 0.13940:12630101310 D-0664 I 0,127800-1990 4/0-012 0.11589 02 6.1485 910-13520-03301 D3 0.14559 0.1322d10-0530 DA 0-14010 0.125840-01434 E1 0.14170 0.127960-01380 E2 0.11677 0.1056 -011 E3 0.14290 0.129200-01374 E4 6.099240.0895 0-00970 FI 5.13309 0.11899.10.01416 F2 0.1209410.109740-0120 73 0.123600.11179'0-011441 F4 040199 0.086odo 01530 sum

til Calculate the mean percent malows {Show calculations) 121 Calculate average deviation of mean Show calculations 13 Calculate the standard deviation of the man (Show calculations) Are there any data values) that can be eliminated by the Rule, Wentify the values and show the calculations needed to eliminate the data valot Report the new me, average deviation, and standard deviation: Show new calculations, X. d.

14 Questions (a) How do you know this experiment involves both a chemical and physical change? Explain (b) For large data populations, 68.3% of the data values fall within one standard deviation of the mean Do 68.3% of your data values fall within one standard deviation of the mean? Use the following equation to verify the question. Show setup 96 Number of Kernels Within (X+0), Total Number of Kernels x 100 (@) What are the major sources of crror in the experiment?

kernel muss, sinitial calculate Mass final mass loss (% mass loss Idil / Idil | Idilnew kilow davlatims Els = mess loss nt 24 n<24 XS masina Question 46:9= #of kernels within XIs # X/00 total #9 #of kernels 2.34 lomita valve now Yew new Use final dataset Range is tas its x- Count # of Kerrels in between the values of the range #f sum

Data xi-X 0.05 1.42 1.41 1.40 Check whether data t (155) should be comittal Is - 73 dow? yes-femove it 0.0 0.00 00 0.06 0.02 0.18 soos ree = 1.65 ? omit Is 165-141/2 310000? No kupat 3-0.36 Is 0.24 00213 į = 5.88 {=002 2= 0,36-0,09 down = 0.025 0.40677000) d drew Tnew = 4.23 141 Enew 4.23 X= 588=1.47 4 4