1. How does RNA polymerase start transcribing a gene into mRNA? ① It starts at one end of the chromosome. ② Transport RN

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1. How does RNA polymerase start transcribing a gene into mRNA?
① It starts at one end of the chromosome.
② Transport RNA translates information to RNA polymerase.
③ It starts with a specific nucleotide sequence called a promoter.
④ The ribosome tells the exact location of the DNA molecule.
⑤ Find the AUG start codon.
2. How are reverse-transcribed viruses such as HIV different from other viruses?
① Much simpler than other viruses.
② It has DNA used as a template for RNA synthesis.
③ It reproduces only in living cells.
④ It contains nucleic acids that encode information for making proteins.
⑤ It has RNA used as a template for DNA synthesis.
3. Which of the following is one of the reasons most scientists thought proteins were carriers of genetic information?
① Proteins are more stable to heat than nucleic acids.
② Before division, the amount of protein in the replicated cell is always doubled.
③ Proteins are much more complex and diverse molecules than nucleic acids.
④ According to early experimental evidence, proteins are genetic material.
⑤ The protein was found in DNA.
4. Which of the following statements about DNA polymerase is incorrect?
① Forms bonds between complementary base pairs.
② It has the function of correcting mistakes by correcting in the process of base pairing.
③ It cannot start synthesis by itself, and an RNA primer is required.
④ It always works only in the 5’-3’ direction.
It is present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
5. Which of the following is true about RNA processing?
① Exons are cut before mRNA is translated.
② When the RNA transcript leaves the nucleus, it becomes much longer than the original transcript.
③ The protein and snRNP combine to form a spliceosome that promotes splicing.
④ A large amount of rRNA binds to form ribosomes.
⑤ The signal peptide is bound to the 5' end of the transcript.
6. What is tRNA?
① A hydrogen bond is formed between the mRNA codon and the anticodon at position A of the ribosome.
② It binds to a specific amino acid at the active site of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase.
③ Because it catalyzes, it is a ribozyme.
④ It is translated from mRNA.
It is produced in the nucleus.
7. How many proteins can be produced from one mRNA at the same time?
① by several ribosomes in a polypeptide chain called polyribosome
② Actions of several RNA polymerases that act sequentially
③ The action of the signal peptide bound to the ribosome attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
④ by the action of several promoters
⑤ by the action of complex spliceosomes
8. The reverse transcriptase virus has a reverse transcriptase gene, which is used in which of the following?
① When making complementary RNA using viral RNA as a template
② To prevent degradation of viral DNA by restriction enzymes
③ To destroy host cell DNA
④ to translate RNA into protein
⑤ To synthesize DNA using viral RNA as a template
9. Which of the following is required to clone an RNA virus gene?
① Host cell DNA polymerase
② RNA replicating enzyme or viral capsid that encodes a viral gene
③ Reverse transcriptase that synthesizes RNA
④ Host RNA polymerase
⑤ Host restriction enzyme
10. Which of the following is required to clone a DNA virus gene?
① Host cell DNA polymerase
② RNA replicating enzyme or viral capsid that encodes a viral gene
③ Reverse transcriptase that synthesizes RNA
④ Host RNA polymerase
⑤ Host restriction enzyme