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Question 56 (1 point) Some researchers have proposed that visuo-spatial reasoning tests (like Raven's matrices) provide a fair way for researchers to assess differences in IQ across cultures. Is this proposal valid? a) No, because cultural bias still exists, such as the implicit assumption of reading left-to-right b) Yes, because cultural bias is eliminated as they are non-verbal measures and have excellent test-retest reliability c) Yes, because cultural bias is eliminated as the tests are purely based on the recognition of elementary shapes, which do not need to be named d) No, because cultural bias still exists, but these tests eliminate smaller concerns such as the globality of display
Question 48 (1 point) Marcia, a student in philosophy, will sit her unit's exam in a week's time. The pass rate for this exam is typically 40%. If you had to rate how likely it is that Marcia will pass the exam, you are most likely to: a) use base rates in your decision b) imply a cause-and-effect relationship between the pass rate and the student being judged c) say the chance of the student passing is 0.8% d) ignore the base-rate information
Question 55 (1 point) Two friends took part in a study on memory for chess pieces arranged on a chess board. They were given 5 second to study the board and were later asked to remember the arrangement. Jack was a chess expert, whereas Jill was a novice player. The researchers should predict that: (a) Jack should perform better than Jill because he can organise the pieces into higher-order units b) Jill should perform better than Jack because she does not have memories of previous chess games interfering with her current memory Oc) Jack should perform better than Jill because he can focus on the surface form of the pattern rather than the deep structure
Question 54 (1 point) A group of people are working together on a problem before an unrelated task interrupts them. After completing the unrelated task, they return to the initial problem. Research suggests that (a) they will benefit from the interruption and will be more likely to solve the initial problem after returning to it b) the interruption will not affect their performance on the initial problem c) data are mixed; some studies have shown that an interruption can benefit problem solving, but other studies have shown no benefit d) they will be disrupted by the interruption and will be less likely to solve the initial problem after returning to it
Question 47 (1 point) Consider the phrase, "Sexism decreases as education increases." Which of the following is true? a) Participants are able to infer correctly whether this is a weak or strong relationship. b) Sexism negatively covaries with education. c) We can accurately determine the personalities of people who are likely to show sexism. d) Sexism positively covaries with education.
Question 63 (1 point) Patients with blindsight completed two tasks. First, they were asked to hold a card at an angle that matched the angle of the slot in front of them. Second, they were asked to imagine posting a card into the slot in front of them. Results showed that patients performed a) better in the second task than the first b) equally poorly in both tasks c) better in the first task than the second
Question 62 (1 point) Although we know what consciousness is for, most researchers agree that defining consciousness is difficult. Which of these is LEAST likely to be a part of the definition of consciousness? a) subjective feelings, such as what apples taste like or what the colour green looks like b) the awareness of self, such as individual memories c) automatic responses to strong cues in the environment d) the ability to report and use mental experiences
Question 61 (1 point) Several researchers have proposed that we are generally aware of the of our own thoughts even though we are usually unaware of the ______ of thought. a) processes; product b) inferences; products Oc) implicit mechanisms; explicit mechanisms d) products; processes
Question 60 (1 point) Many older adults take IQ tests regularly; these tests include components examining vocabulary, speeded performance, reasoning ability, and memory. At the age of 70, an older adult who is predicting their performance in an upcoming IQ test (in the next week) should expect their scores to be a) higher on reasoning and lower on vocabulary Ob) similar for vocabulary and reasoning Oc) higher on vocabulary and lower on reasoning
Question 53 (1 point) When solving problems, people often develop certain attitudes or perspectives. They approach all subsequent problems with the same attitude. This rigidity is called: a) Mental inhibition b) Narrow focus c) Problem solving set d) Functional fixedness
Question 46 (1 point) In an experiment, participants were told of a previously unknown tribe living on an island. Only one member of this tribe had been observed so far, and he was found to be obese. When asked how likely it was that all members of the tribe were obese, participants were unwilling to extrapolate this information. This shows that participants were a) sensitive to the sample size and can take this into account when making a judgment b) using the representative heuristic c) unwilling to make a judgment as they are wary of making an error
Question 59 (1 point) Studies examining how IQ scores predict people's performance in different areas show that IQ scores strongly predict performance in: a) more complex jobs b) less complex jobs Oc) all jobs
Question 52 (1 point) Which of the following demonstrates Percy's use of Hill Climbing? a) Problem solving often gets stalled if it requires Percy to move briefly away from the goal state in order (ultimately) to reach the goal b) Percy is disrupted in his problem solving if he is asked to think out loud as he proceeds c) Percy will be confused unless the problem's path constraints are clearly specified d) Percy will solve a problem more quickly if he can divide the problem into smaller sub-problems
Question 44 (1 point) The superstition that a broken mirror will bring seven years of bad luck is an example of a) an illusion of covariation b) a conditional statement c) the gambler's fallacy d) a syllogism
Question 57 (1 point) Dan took an IQ test that consisted of multiple subtests, including two reasoning tasks and two visualisation tasks. What relationship should he expect to see between his scores on the subtests? a) a stronger relationship between his scores on the two reasoning tasks than between his scores on one reasoning task and one visualisation task b) the same relationship between his scores on the two reasoning tasks and his scores on the two visualisation tasks c) no relationship between his scores on the reasoning tasks and his scores on the visualisation tasks d) a stronger relationship between his scores on the two reasoning tasks than between his scores on one reasoning task and one visualisation task
Question 50 (1 point) To help Kelly solve the "Tumour problem", she should be given a) the "General and the Fortress" story first b) the "General and the Fortress" story first and be encouraged to use this as a hint c) the Bookworm problem first d) the Bookworm problem first and be encouraged to use this as a hint
Question 50 (1 point) To help Kelly solve the "Tumour problem", she should be given a) the "General and the Fortress" story first b) the "General and the Fortress" story first and be encouraged to use this as a hint c) the Bookworm problem first d) the Bookworm problem first and be encouraged to use this as a hint
Question 43 (1 point) After reading Reser et al.'s (2021) study comparing mnemonic techniques, Lucy decided that to remember a list of items in a particular order, the best mnemonic strategy to use is a) the pegword method b) a memory palace c) an Australian Aboriginal memorisation technique d) an acronym
Question 65 (1 point) Researchers recruited a group of clinical patients with blindsight and asked them to perform a variety of different tasks. Researchers found that they could do all of the tasks EXCEPT for which of the following? a) correctly guess the identity of a visual stimulus b) easily walk across the room c) reach in the appropriate direction toward an object d) reach with the appropriate hand position toward an object
Question 64 (1 point) Patients with blindsight report not being able to see. However, when they are asked to guess the direction in which a light is moving, their guesses are remarkably accurate. This finding suggests that these patients can see to some extent, but do not use this information without prompting. It has been suggested that patients do not use the information because they a) do not have the corresponding conscious experience b) have suffered damage to the visual cortext c) cannot really see and their guesses were just a fluke d) can only process visual information consciously