Which decision-making standard should be employed by the surrogate, if a formerly capacitated patient's treatment prefer

[answerhappygod]

Which decision-making standard should be employed by the
surrogate, if a formerly capacitated patient's treatment
preferences have not been explicitly articulated and recorded, and
little or nothing is known of the patient's general preferences,
values, and beliefs?
Select one:
a.
Best interest standard
b.
Community practice standard
c.
Subjective standard
d.
Substituted judgment standard