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(b) The kets |Vo) = cos 0V) + sin |H) and H) = sin 0|V)+cos (H) represent states of vertical and horizontal polarization relative to an axis in the direction defined by the polar angle and the azimuthal angle = 0. Suppose that observer A measures the polarization of photon 1 relative to the axis with = 0₁, while observer B measures the polarization of photon 2 relative to the axis with 0 = 02. Express the kets Vo₂ Vo₂) and Ho, Ho₂) in terms of |VV), [VH), |HV) and HH). (c) Use the results from part (b) to calculate the probability, Pvv (01,02), that both observers A and B obtain vertical polarization for the states ) and ) defined in part (a). What feature of your answers further illustrates the distinction between entangled and non-entangled states in these two cases?
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