combustion characteristics similar to diesel, but is stable,
nontoxic, and microbial decomposition due to its relatively high
flash point, and is considered as an energy that may replace
diesel. Biodiesel can be prepared by transesterification of
vegetable oil with alcohol (e.g., methanol) and its reaction
formula is as follows.
- Biodiesel Is An Alkylester Rcoor Obtained From Fat And Has Combustion Characteristics Similar To Diesel But Is Stabl 1 (9.95 KiB) Viewed 11 times
Ester, or Biodiesel)
In fact, this reaction is a three-step complex reaction in which
A becomes diglyceride, diglyceride becomes monoglyceride, and
monoglyceride becomes glycerol, respectively. The original ester
exchange reaction is reversible, but it could be deemed as an
irreversible reaction, as methanol is used in an excessive amount
in an actual manufacturing process.
- Biodiesel Is An Alkylester Rcoor Obtained From Fat And Has Combustion Characteristics Similar To Diesel But Is Stabl 2 (14.57 KiB) Viewed 11 times
Problem
By performing an ester exchange reaction using waste cooking oil
(e.g., soy bean oil) as a raw material, it is intended to design a
reactor that produces 330,000 L of biodiesel per year. Answer the
question. (Use the Polymath, matlab program(Any program is
possible))
(However, CA0 = 1 mol/L, density of biodiesel (P) = 0.86 g/cm3,
molecular weight of biodiesel (P) = 292 g/mol)
(1) This reaction was carried out under a basic (NaOH)
catalyst in a small batch reactor, thereby obtaining concentration
(unit mol/L) data of A as follows. (CA0 = 1 mol/L was used in the
experiment, and methanol was used in excess.)
- Biodiesel Is An Alkylester Rcoor Obtained From Fat And Has Combustion Characteristics Similar To Diesel But Is Stabl 3 (19.31 KiB) Viewed 11 times
secondary (total secondary because M is used in excess) for A, and
find the k1 value at each temperature.
② It could be seen that the reactions [2] and [3] were
secondary, respectively, and the results of the following table
were obtained when the rate constants k2 and k3 were measured.
Using this data, find the values of k1, k2, and k3 at 60℃.
- Biodiesel Is An Alkylester Rcoor Obtained From Fat And Has Combustion Characteristics Similar To Diesel But Is Stabl 4 (32.01 KiB) Viewed 11 times
60°C using one batch reactor.
① With the concentration of triglyceride (A) set to CA0 = 1
mol/L, what is the reaction time required to dial 90%?
② At that time, what are the concentrations of diglyceride (B),
monoglyceride (C), glycerol (G) and methyl ester (P) in the
reactor, respectively?
③ If it takes about 100 minutes to prepare for the next reaction
after the reaction, how many times a year can this reaction be
performed? What is the volume of the reactor required to achieve
the target annual output accordingly? (When reacted, the reactant
is filled to about 80% of the volume of the reactor and reacted,
operating 24 hours a day, 250 days a year.)
(3) This reaction is performed in the Continuous
Stirring Tank Reactor (CSTR) using an inflow flow (CA0 = 1 mol/L)
containing only A and M.
① If the volume flow rate is v0 = 1 L/min and A is 90%
conversed, what is the required volume of the CSTR reactor?
② What are the concentrations of B, C, G, and P in the reactor
runoff?
③ When operating 24 hours a day, 250 days a year, what is the
volume of the CSTR reactor to achieve annual production?
(4) This reaction is performed in a plug flow reactor
(PFR) using an inflow flow (v0 = 1 mol/L) containing only A and
M.
① Assuming that the volume flow rate is v0 = 1 L/min and A is
90% conversed, what volume of the PFR reactor is required? (Compare
this value to the volume of the reactor obtained in Problems (2)
and (3) and consider it!)
② What are the concentrations of B, C, G, and P in the reactor
runoff? (Compare and consider these values with the concentration
values obtained in problems (2) and (3)!)
③ When operating 24 hours a day, 250 days a year, what is the
volume of reaction to achieve annual production?
(5) Under the same conditions as in problem (4), set the
volume flow rate to v0 = 1 L/min and call A 90%. The price of
biodiesel (P) is $1 per liter, production costs such as raw
material cost, labor cost, separation and purification cost are
$0.5 per liter, and maintenance costs are $50 per liter of reactor
volume per year. What is the volume V of the reactor and the
conversion rate X with the highest annual net profit?
◎ Additional explanation: As the volume of the PFR reactor
increases, X increases and annual production increases, and
accordingly, per year
Net income increases and then decreases, thus maximizing net
income in a particular volume.
◎ Hint: Since it operates 24 hours a day, 1 year, and 250 days,
the annual production volume of P can be calculated as follows, and
using it, the annual net income is expressed as a function of Cp
and V (Volume) and the maximum is obtained by polymath.
∎ Annual production volume of P (unit L) = Fp (292) (1/0.86)
(1/1000) (60) (24) (250)
(6) If the investment cost is insufficient and a PFR of
the size obtained in Problem (5) cannot be purchased, what measures
can be proposed to achieve the target telephone rate and annual
output? (Applies possible response engineering theories
and principles to alternatives) "Open-ended Problem"Open-ended
Problem")
CH₂-OCOR¹ CH-OCOR² + 3CH₂OH CH- CH₂-OCOR³ Triglyceride Methanol A + 3M Catalyst CH₂OH R¹COOCH3 CHOH + R³COOCH3 CH₂OH R³COOCH3 Glycerol Methyl esters G + 3P
Triglyceride + R¹OH Diglyceride + R¹OH Monoglyceride + R¹OH Diglyceride + RCOOR¹ Monoglyceride + RCOOR¹ Glycerol + RCOOR¹ A+MB+P [1] B+MC+P [2] C+M G+P [3]
temp (°C) 45 55 65 time (min) 5 0.94 0.89 0.80 10 0.89 0.81 0.67 15 0.84 0.74 0.57 20 0.80 0.67 0.50 25 0.76 0.63 0.45 30 0.73 0.58 0.40
tem(C) 45 55 65 60 rate constant (L/(mol min)) kl k2 Obtained from question 0.0255 Obtained from question 0.0510 Obtained from question 0.0965 Obtained from question ? k3 0.0881 0.141 0.218 ?