Water Solubility (g/100 mL) 8 2 0 Figure 1 Benzoic Acid Reference: Merck Index, 10th Edition 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature

[answerhappygod]

Water Solubility G 100 Ml 8 2 0 Figure 1 Benzoic Acid Reference Merck Index 10th Edition 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature 1 (368.07 KiB) Viewed 12 times

Water Solubility G 100 Ml 8 2 0 Figure 1 Benzoic Acid Reference Merck Index 10th Edition 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature 2 (514.15 KiB) Viewed 12 times

Water Solubility (g/100 mL) 8 2 0 Figure 1 Benzoic Acid Reference: Merck Index, 10th Edition 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature (℃) Solubility of Benzoic Acid in Water from 0 °C to 100 °C

1. Use Figure 1 to calculate the volume of water required to dissolve 3.0 g of benzoic acid at 95°C and compare it to the amount used in the procedure. Reminder: Read the y-axis scale of Figure 1 to the proper number of significant digits (i.e. Once you are forced to estimate a digit from the scale, you would record that digit, but no further digits.) 2. Would you expect the following chemicals to be more or less soluble than benzoic acid in water at 25°C? Explain. (Hint: when considering solubility, remember the following generalization - "like dissolves like". In other words, molecules with more polar bonds will be more soluble in polar solvents). a) aspirin b) ibuprofen || CH3 O || CH-C-OH C-OH CH3 T H3C-CH-CH₂ 0- -CH3 || O Hint: Refer to section C7.3 in the "Techniques Manual". Give very specific explanations about why one structure would be more or less polar than another. Keep in mind that if everything else is held constant, certain functional groups add polarity to a molecule and the addition of alkyl groups tends to lower the overall polarity of a molecule. Clearly state the critical differences in the structures. Name the various functional groups and the relative polarity of these groups as part of your answer. 3. Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative in many food products. Use the "like dissolves like" rule to explain if sodium benzoate would be more or less soluble than benzoic acid in: a) water. b) hexane. Hint: Ionic bonds are an extreme form of "polar bonds". Name the various functional groups and the relative polarity of these groups as part of your answer.

5. Will benzoic acid be most soluble at pH 3, 7 or 11? Write the "hydrolysis" equation for benzoic acid and explain your answer using Le Chatelier's principle.