Mg2+ -sludge = (Original Mg2+) – (Residual Mg2+) Ca2+ – sludge = (Original Ca2+) + (Lime) – (Residual Ca2+) M=CQ. Calciu

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Mg2 Sludge Original Mg2 Residual Mg2 Ca2 Sludge Original Ca2 Lime Residual Ca2 M Cq Calciu 1 (336.01 KiB) Viewed 18 times

Mg2 Sludge Original Mg2 Residual Mg2 Ca2 Sludge Original Ca2 Lime Residual Ca2 M Cq Calciu 2 (336.01 KiB) Viewed 18 times

Mg2+ -sludge = (Original Mg2+) – (Residual Mg2+) Ca2+ – sludge = (Original Ca2+) + (Lime) – (Residual Ca2+) M=CQ. Calcium will precipitate as CaCO3 while magnesium will precipitate as Mg(OH)2. Chemical EW (mg/meq) CaCO3 50 Mg(OH)2 29.2 Residual Ca2+ Residual Mg2+ 0.6 0.2 Step 1. Calculate total hardness (TH) as the sum of the multivalent cations. Step 2. Calculate alkalinity (ALK), which is typically the bicarbonate concentration. Step 3. Calculate carbonate hardness (CH) and noncarbonate hardness (NCH). CH - ALK if TH > ALK CH= TH IT TH < ALK NCH = TH – CH. Step 4. Determine the hardness speciation. CCH= Ca2+ if Ca2+ CCH=CH if Cap+ CNCH=CH-CH. MCH = CH – CCH. MNCH= Mg2+ – MCH. CH >> CH
Mg2+ -sludge = (Original Mg2+) – (Residual Mg2+) Ca2+ – sludge = (Original Ca2+) + (Lime) – (Residual Ca2+) M=CQ. Calcium will precipitate as CaCO3 while magnesium will precipitate as Mg(OH)2. Chemical EW (mg/meq) CaCO3 50 Mg(OH)2 29.2 Residual Ca2+ Residual Mg2+ 0.6 0.2 Step 1. Calculate total hardness (TH) as the sum of the multivalent cations. Step 2. Calculate alkalinity (ALK), which is typically the bicarbonate concentration. Step 3. Calculate carbonate hardness (CH) and noncarbonate hardness (NCH). CH - ALK if TH > ALK CH= TH IT TH < ALK NCH = TH – CH. Step 4. Determine the hardness speciation. CCH= Ca2+ if Ca2+ CCH=CH if Cap+ CNCH=CH-CH. MCH = CH – CCH. MNCH= Mg2+ – MCH. CH >> CH