To determine the basic characteristics of the Test Engine To determine energy balance for the Test Engine and predict the losses
2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
This section is to discuss the theoretical aspects leading to the experiment. Typically, this involves the historical background of the theories published in the research literature and the questions or ambiguities arose in these theoretical work. Citations for the sources of information should be given in one of the standard bibliographic formats (for example, using square brackets with the corresponding number [2] that points to the List of References). Explore this background to prepare the readers to read the main body of the report. It should contain sufficient materials to enable the readers to understand why the set of data are collected, and what are the salient features to observe in the graph, charts and tables presented in the later sections.
Depending on the length and complexity of the report, the introduction and the theoretical background may be combined into one introductory section.
3. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD, PROCEDURE & EQUIPMENT
This section describes the approach and the equipment used to conduct the experiment. It explains the function of each apparatus and how the configuration works to perform a particular measurement. Students should not recopy the procedures of the experiment from the lab handout, but to summarize and explain the methodology in a few paragraphs.
4. DATA, FINDINDS & RESULTS
4.1.1 From the results, calculate the air mass flow rate, and plot the engine variables against speed. Then for comparison, plot all variables on one chart or several charts of the similar scale. The engine variables
are:
Air / f * uelratio
• Engine exhaust temperature
• Torque
• Power
• Specific fuel consumption
Thermal efficiency
Heat balance for test.
4.1.2 Look at the power and efficiency curves. What is the approximate optimum speed for the engine?
4.2.1 Create three tables similar to table 4(a) .
4.2.2 From the tables, create a pie chart of the energy output values as percentages of the energy input. What is noticeable about the losses at higher and lower speeds then the optimum performance speed?
4.2.3 What could cause the "other losses"?
5. DISCUSSION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The interpretation of the data gathered can be discussed in this section.
Sample calculations may be included to show the correlation between
the theory and the measurement results. If there exists any discrepancy
between the theoretical and experimental results, an analysis or
discussion should follow to explain the possible sources of error.
- 1 Aim Of The Laboratory Experiment To Determine The Basic Characteristics Of The Test Engine To Determine Energy Balance 1 (131.63 KiB) Viewed 17 times
APPENDICES Table 1: Average fuel flow rate in ml/s ret/min 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 8ml Average time (22.9 19.50 13.20 22:51 22.9 23.58 16ml Average time Use the average time for each of the volumes Table 2: Engine variables at various engine speeds (Atmospheric Pressure: 996 mbar) 1. 2. 3. 4. res/min 5. 6. Ambient Temperature (°C) T Chamber Temperature (°C) TZ C Differential Pressure (Pa) ΔΡΙ Torque (N.m) Cooling water flow rate (l/min) Power (Mechanical) (kW) (210°C 21.3°C 21.3°C 21.50/2151/21.6. | 432 / 88 ( 735°c 156c|8orc 1946 1-132 -191-321 -452 -667 - 700 125.725.2 25.8 25.3 24.3 19.3 129 1 2.91 2.91 2.91 2.91/2.91 13270w 1196 619 5103 2671 774 74 13.27 119.0 19.5°c19.7°C 19. 9c 20.20 20,3° /25.1°C/30.1°C/38.30/42.0°c 45.5°/45.44 1564. 136. / 255.26/313.60/118.91 1050 | 29.4 // 35.8 us.&c 70.4 ( 84.5° 54 5ch 6662 Ti (Water inlet) (°C) T: (Water outlet) (C) T (Exhaust in) (°C) T. (Exhaust out) (°C) 14:34 grees ar visu 4. 5. Ierlake Swife Fuel Consumption Volumetrie Elficienes Thermal Emiciency Tale): Hout energy balance 500 rpm, 3026 rpon & 2000 rpon ENERGY INPUT (min) ENERGY OLITPUT (kJ/min) Heat of combustion Mechanical Power CV Heat lost to exhaust Other losses Total Total Table 3: Engine Technical details Item Ignition system Absolute Maximum Power Continuous Rated Power Bore Specification Flywheel Magneto 8.1 kW (11hp) at 3600 rev min 3.9KW (Shp) at 3600 rev.min 84 mm Stroke Crank Radius Connecting Rod length Engine Capacity Compression Ratio Oil Type Calorific value of petrol Typical value for density of petrol 61 mm: 30.5 mm 105.5 mm 338 cm (0.338 L) or 338 8:1 Multigrade SAE 10W-30 45.8 Mig 0.75 kg 1 1.2 Litre 21 mm Oil Capacity Orifice diameter Useful information Air C :0.6 Exhaust Cp: 1 kl/kg. K AFR= 209p my mass flow rate i med RTA C sul m he