Until the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism was regarded as an engine of economic growth and development as well as one of the

[answerhappygod]

Until the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism was regarded as an engine
of economic growth and development as well as one of the fastest
growing industries globally. The 2012 G20 heads of state recognised
tourism as a key driver of economic growth and development, and
heralded its potential to spur global economic recovery.Tourism
researchers report differences between first-time and repeat
visitors in terms of their demographics, trip graphics, destination
perception, perceived value, and travel motivations. First-time
visitors could be associated with a ‘new’ market and are those
visitors who are visiting the destination for the first time (Um,
Chon & Ro, 2006). Repeat visitors can be seen as part of an
established customer base and are visitors who have visited the
destination more than once (Ker Stetter & Cho, 2004; Um et
al., 2006). The majority of previous studies compared only one
or a couple of these dimensions, with fragmented and sometimes
conflicting findings. Consequently, the existing literature
presents a rather mixed picture of the similarity and differences
between the two groups (Fallon & Schofield, 2004; Kemperman,
Joh, & Timmermans, 2003).
Furthermore, the
extant literature suggests that first-time visitors are more likely
to be younger and less likely to visit friends/family than repeat
visitors (Gitelson & Crompton, 1984; Lau & McKercher,
2004). First-timers typically explore a destination widely and
participate in a variety of activities, with particular interest in
large-icon attractions and events (Lau & McKercher, 2004).
First-timers also tend to have shorter stays at a destination (Lau
& McKercher, 2004; Oppermann, 1998), and have more complex and
differentiated images of destinations than repeat visitors (Fakeye
& Crompton, 1991).
A recent study which undertook a
systematic comparison of first-time and repeat visitors reported
that first-timers’ behaviours are more tourism/travel oriented,
while repeaters; behaviours demonstrate a recreation /activity
orientations. First-timers are more active travel planners, while
repeaters indicate more positive post-trip evaluations. Repeaters
typically prefer self-catering accommodation and are less price
sensitive (Tjørve, Lien & Flognfeldt, 2015).
Historically, South
Africa has been receiving a higher number of first time visitors
than repeat visitors (Kruger, Saayman & Hermann, 2014). The
reasons for the low number of repeat visitors to South Africa for
leisure purposes has not received the required research attention.
Clearly, the importance of intention to revisit is a dimension that
requires attention in South Africa. In a recent study which sought
to determine the impact of continent of origin on first time
visitors’ intentions to return to South Africa as a tourism
destination, Ms R. Msimanga collected data randomly from 115
American and European tourists who visited a hospitality facility
during December 2019 in the Mpumalanga province, South Africa.The
data analysis was undertaken with IBM SPSS Statistics version 25
and the output generated is shown in Figure 4.1 to
Figure 4.4, below. Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2 is
the output produced by the statistical analysis conducted to answer
the first research question and Figure 4.3 and Figure 4.4 is the
output produced by the statistical analysis conducted to answer the
second research question
REQUIRED: 1 Identify the two research questions
of Ms Msimanga’s study.
2 ​​​​​​​State the aims of Ms
Msimanga’s study. ​​​​​​​
3 Formulate
the null and alternative hypotheses for the two research questions
of Ms Msimanga’s study. -
4 Specify the
scales of measurement of the independent (IV) and dependent
variables (DV) in each pair of research hypotheses stated
in.3.-
5 Using
the standard reporting format, interpret the output of the data
analysis.
6​​​​​​​ Highlight a potential
problem with the sampling approach employed by Ms
Msimanga.