Extension: Type 1a Supernovas Type 1a supernovas are incredibly bright and almost all identical, two characteristics tha

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Extension Type 1a Supernovas Type 1a Supernovas Are Incredibly Bright And Almost All Identical Two Characteristics Tha 1 (129.88 KiB) Viewed 66 times

Extension: Type 1a Supernovas Type 1a supernovas are incredibly bright and almost all identical, two characteristics that make them very useful for studying the universe on the largest and oldest) scale. The distances to Type 1a supernovas can be determined using two different methods: brightness and redshift. For nearby Type 1a supernovas both methods give the same result; hence, Hubble's law is a straight line. However, as we look at more distant Type 1a supernovas, the line begins to curve. Figure 6 shows how the brightness of Type 1a supernovas changes with redshift. DISTANT TYPE la SUPERNOVAS 25 ACCELERATING UNIVERSE 24 Empty universe.p = 0 T Fainter (farther back in time) (farther) 23 Best fit of current data Critical density, De Observed magnitude 22 21 DECELERATING UNIVERSE 20 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 Redshift, z Figure 6 Cosmologists use a parameter called z to indicate redshift. The higher the value of z, the higher the redshift. 11. Predictions based on different models are shown in Figure 6. The bottom line describes a flat universe, which contains only mass and zero vacuum energy. The dotted line describes an empty universe, and the top line is the line of best fit. What kind of universe does the line of best fit describe? 12. Type 1a supernovas look dimmer than expected for a given redshift. This observation suggests an expanding universe in which the expansion is increasing over time, that is, accelerating. The dark energy model proposes that the universe has a vacuum energy that exerts a negative pressure, causing the universe to expand faster as it ages. What does this mean for the future of the universe?