(1) In each of the following examples, briefly describe what the problem would be with the researcher's interpretation o

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1 In Each Of The Following Examples Briefly Describe What The Problem Would Be With The Researcher S Interpretation O 1 (83.06 KiB) Viewed 29 times

(1) In each of the following examples, briefly describe what the problem would be with the researcher's interpretation of the results as causal. In other words, explain how it could be the case that the association described in the data is not due to the effect of treatment as the author claims. (Hint: think about selection bias and how it might apply in each case) (a) A researcher gathered data on a large sample of American 30 year olds, asking each person whether their parents bought them a new car for their 16th birthday and also asking them what their current income is. The researcher finds that people who were given a new car for their 16th birthday make more money as 30 year olds than those who were not given a new car, and concludes that receiving a new car for one's 16th birthday causes people to make more money later in life. a a (b) A researcher stops 1,000 people on the street and asks them whether they have a lighter in their pocket. Then, 10 years later the researcher contacts each of these people to determine whether they have been diagnosed with (or died from) lung cancer. The researcher finds a positive relationship and concludes that carrying a lighter in your pocket causes lung cancer. (c) A researcher has gathered data from a large number of Americans, asking each one to rate their allergy symptoms from 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (very severe allergy symptoms). The researcher also asked each person whether they take allergy medication. The researcher finds that those who take allergy medication have, on average, worse allergy symptoms (higher values on the symptom scale) than those who do not take allergy medication and concludes that taking allergy medication causes allergy symptoms to become worse.