A seventeen-year-old female patient is c/o lower back pain, dysuria, urine urgency, and pain in her lower abdomen for th

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A seventeen-year-old female patient is c/o lower back pain,
dysuria, urine urgency, and pain in her lower abdomen for the past
two days.
Ms. Monkman, a 43-year-old woman, para 5, gravida 5, has been
experiencing urinary leakage while coughing, sneezing, and
exercising. She states that she started having this
problem after her last child was born and has to wear an absorbent
pad daily.
Mr. Shane, a 54-year-old male, comes to the clinic presenting
with abnormal urinary symptoms such as excessive urination at
night. He notes that his urine stream is weak and
sometimes stops and starts during urination. He has
recently had several urinary tract infections.