has been argued that non-violent conflict transformation should be the preferred means of conflict resolution. Since "v

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has been argued that non-violent conflict transformation should be the preferred means of conflict resolution. Since "violence rarely works to control violence, nonviolent strategies and tactics must be utilized if conflicting parties are to transform their attitudes and behavior from enmity to tolerance"
a) Dissect and critically analyze the Libyan present crisis as a typical case where the Security Council authorized a military intervention citing the R2P (Responsibility to Protect). Then
b) Propose an exit strategy with all stakeholders involved to find a durable political solution to end violence (10%)
2)The present turmoil and war between Russia and Ukraine gave rise to the growing importance of the Middle East for Europe's energy transition. What do you think are the potential risks and conflicts associated with geo-economic consequences such as
• Energy, food, and fertilizer supply chain disruptions and price rises
• Risk of civil unrest in least developed countries
• Sanctions on Russia with spillover effect on global economy and financial markets
• Disruptions to Eurasian land bridge drives freight rate hikes •
• OECD (The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) estimates war-related decline in global economic growth of 1.1 percentage points (pp) and inflation +2.5 pp
• Impact particularly strong for countries with close economic ties to Russia and Ukraine (e.g. Moldova)
3) Address the risks associated with climate change (Global warming) as a "threat multiplier" triggering "resource wars" (p.509). What scenarios you propose to avoid drifting into regional conflicts. Illustrate your argument with concrete examples (10%)