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Lab 1-Blackbody Radiation Objectives After this lab you should be able to 1. Measure blackbody properties 2. Test empirical laws 3. Explain your experimental process and results Equipment • Power Supply Stefan-Boltzmann Lamp (and its manual) • Thermal Radiation Detector Spectrograph 2 or 3 Multimeters Setting up your experiment Connect the lamp to the power supply and set up a multimeter as an ammeter so that you may measure the current in your circuit. Connect a voltmeter to your power supply if you want better precision on your voltage measurements. Set up the thermal radiation detector at a distance of your choice from the lamp, facing the lamp. Connect a multimeter set to voltmeter to the detector. For best results, you should obtain data with minimum background light. In your report, explain why and how you limit background light. Connect the spectrograph to the laptop and turn on the Oceanview software. Obtaining your data Notice that the lamp has a warning not to use a voltage above 13V. To be extra safe, you will not go above 12V. You will need the resistance of the lamp at room temperature so you will measure this by turning the lamp on with a small voltage and quickly reading V and I before the filament has time to warm up. (Alternatively, you could use a multimeter as an ohmmeter to the unconnected lamp this once. Do not do this later in the lab when the power supply is switched on as this would blow the multimeter fuse.) For at least 15 different voltages, you will measure the current through the lamp, the voltage of the thermal radiation detector (which serves as a proxy for intensity), and the wavelength where the spectrum peaks. At a given voltage, each measurement should be made at least 3 times in order to obtain average measurements and standard deviations.
Calculating the temperature of the filament Using V and I, you will calculate the resistance of the filament for each voltage setting Based on the resistance of the lamp and the information in the lamp manual, you should be able to determine the temperature of the filament. (Explain the physics behind this in your report.) As an alternative to the table and graph provided in the lamp manual, you can use the following polynomial fit to the empirical data T = -1.6199 (R/R300)² +203.1(R/R300) + 127.66 Testing empirical laws Based on your measurements, you may now test whether your data agree with the Stefan-Boltzmann law and Wien's law, by plotting your data and verifying whether they follow the expected temperature dependence within error bars. Explaining your process and results, report structure: MAXIMUM 2 PAGES 1.- Introduction: -What is the goal of the experiment? -What are the physic laws involved? Imagine that you are explaining this to another student in the class who missed this lab and does not have the handout. You need to motivate your experiment and give the necessary background for the student to understand what is going on. 2.- Description of the setup: -Materials 3.- Data: -Measurements done -How did you take/estimate uncertainties 4.-Analysis: -What do you calculate with the data? -Figures with errors. -Fit to data 5.- Discussion: What do you get and what does it mean? -You need to describe your results for the deadtime, and discuss your evidence/knowledge for the dependence on the source used and the height of the source. 6.- Summary
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