12-2 $2 2 ,0 ܨܐܪܪ , 0 ܨ=( ܵ ܵ ܨ 4 , ܠ , ܕ ܠ , Zul Z2 X + Zs1 N ksi,bsl Zul Zrl mul 4 UI Ꮎ 1, ms, Iy U12 M₂2 Zs2 ks2,

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12-2 $2
2 ,0 ܨܐܪܪ , 0 ܨ=( ܵ ܵ ܨ 4 , ܠ , ܕ ܠ
, Zul Z2
X + Zs1 N ksi,bsl Zul Zrl mul 4 UI Ꮎ 1, ms, Iy U12 M₂2 Zs2 ks2, bs2 Zu2 Zr2 k₁ k₂ 11. Half-car model (pitch model) If y Iv Z-1, sin e 2. Calculation of Zs1 and Zs2 [Zs1 = Zc-1f sin 0≈z-150 [Zs2 = c + 1, sin 0≈z +1,0 [ƒ₁ = −fs₁ − fa₁ + U₁ = −ks1 (Zs1 — Zul) — bs1 (żs₁ − Żu₁ ) +₁ - - 'ul \ƒ₂ = −fs2 − fα2+U₂ = -K§₂2 (Zs2 − Zu2 ) − bs2 (żs2 − Żµ2) + U₂ - d2 s2 [m₂ = f₁ + f₂ [m₁²u₁ = −ƒ₁ − k₁₁ (Zµ₁ − Zr₁) '11 [ 1₂0 = −1₁f₁ +1₁f₂ | m₂ ² ₁2 = -√₂-K₁₂ (²12-²r2) ze + 1, sin e (1) (2) (3)