The Common Medicine Aspirin Is A Commonity Used Blood Thinner Used Fo Treat Pain Fever Inflammation And To Prevent He 1 (40.49 KiB) Viewed 35 times
The Common Medicine Aspirin Is A Commonity Used Blood Thinner Used Fo Treat Pain Fever Inflammation And To Prevent He 2 (45.58 KiB) Viewed 35 times
The common medicine aspirin is a commonity used blood thinner, used fo treat pain, fever, inflammation and to prevent heart attacks, strokes and biot clots. Aspinin was originally mado from salicylic acid, found in extracts from the bark of the wมlow frce and ofher natural sources. Salicylic acid is fess offecive than aspirin, but has been used to reduce pain, fever and infiammation since ancient times. The structures of both molecules are shown bolow. Aspirin Salicylic acid QUESTIONS 1. Compare the functional groups present in salicylic acid and aspirin. What is the difference between the two structures? [2 marks] 2. Saficylic acid is often reacted with acetic anhydride to make aspirin in the lab. a) Using knowledge from this course; name a different molecule (not acetic anhydride) that could be reacted with salicylic acid to make aspirin in the lab. [1 mark] b) For the reaction you described in part (a). i) State the type of reaction [1 mark] ii) state the reaction conditions and any catalysts required [2 mark] iii) state one method to increase the rate of reaction, which is not already part of your answer to (i) and (ii) [1 mark]
In biology, the conversion of ATP to ADP and vice versa is very important for the body's energy reserves. Magnesium cations usually stabilise the ATP and ADP ions in aqueous solution within the coll. The conversion of magnesium adenosine triphosphate ( MgATP2− to magnesium adenosine diphosphate (MgADP - ) is shown below: H2O+MgATP−→HPO42−+H++MgADP− In aqueous solution, this reaction bas an enthalpy change of −24 kJ/mol. The body breaks down glucose ( C6H12O in a series of small steps as a source of energy to make ATP. The series of smail reactions that break down glucose add up to the same equation overall as the combustion of glucose. Glucose (CH1H12 ) has a standard enthaipy of combustion of ΔH=−2805 kJ/mol QUESTIONS 1. What would be the enthalpy change for the reverse reaction; making ATP from ADP? [1 mark] 2. Which law ensures that the enthalpy change for the combustion of glucose in one step is exactly equal to the total enthalpy change for the same reaction done in a series of small steps added together? [1 mark] 3. a) write a thermochemical equation for the standard enthalpy of combustion of glucose. [2 marks] b) i) if 5.00 g of glucose were broken down in the body, how many kJ of heat energy would it release? [2 marks] ii) therefore, how many moles of ATP could that energy be used to make? [HINT: use your answer from question 1] [ 1 mark]
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