(a) (b) Formic acid has been proposed as a moderately clean-burning fuel that can be made from carbon dioxide removed fr

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A B Formic Acid Has Been Proposed As A Moderately Clean Burning Fuel That Can Be Made From Carbon Dioxide Removed Fr 1 (281.94 KiB) Viewed 24 times

(a) (b) Formic acid has been proposed as a moderately clean-burning fuel that can be made from carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere and reacted with hydrogen. The proposed reaction is: CO,(g)+ H,(g) → HCOOH(g) It is assumed the hydrogen is obtained renewable sources that do not generate any new CO₂. Using the data in this table, give answers to the following questions. Substance CO₂(g) H₂(g) HCOOH (g) Note: 1 atm = atmospheric pressure = 101 kPa (i) Enthalpy (A, H, kJ/mol) at 298 K, 1 atm INSIDEN (ii) (iii) (iv) 0 -378.6 Provide an estimate of the energy needed to make 1 mol of formic acid at atmospheric pressure. Enthaupy (ii) If the formic acid gas is modelled as an ideal gas, explain how you would calculate the entropy S(U,V, N) and hence determine the change in entropy as the gas is cooled from an initial temperature T; to a final temperature Tf <T₁. Comment on the significance of the sign of your answer. State any assumptions you make. A large Einstein solid at temperature T has N oscillators and q energy units of e each so that the total internal energy U = qe. (i) Write down an expression for the entropy of the solid, S, as a function of the multiplicity, , of all possible configurations of the system. In the limit q » N show that: S = NkB (loge (+1) Use the principle of equipartition to find a relationship between U and T. Hence find an expression for the specific heat capacity at constant volume, cv. Experimental data for many real solids show that the measured cy approaches this value in the high temperature limit. Give some physical reasoning for this observation.