Detailed overview of the USA healthcare system (answering required questions from country-specific analysis) : a) traini

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Detailed overview of the USA healthcare system
(answering required questions from country-specific analysis)
:
a) training of physicians and nurses (e.g. after how
many years can physician-in-training treat patients?)
b) What are the different roles and competencies of a
nurse? Are there nurse practitioners?
c) How does the emergency system work in health matters?
Who needs to be contacted first? (e.g. family doctor, hospital?)
Who pays what part?
d) Health insurance (How is it divided? What is
mandatory, what is compulsory? Who pays which part? fee? tax? out
of pocket?)
e) How are old, sick persons cared for? Who
pays?