S = Σ(x − x)2 n-1 1. Make a table with two columns. 2. List the data in the first column. 3. Square each data value and

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S = Σ(x − x)2 n-1
1. Make a table with two columns. 2. List the data in the first column. 3. Square each data value and enter the squares in the second column. 4. Find the sum of each of the two columns. 5. Take the sum of the first column and square it. 6. Take the sum of the second column and multiply this by the sample size, n. 7. Take the difference of the results from Step 6 and Step 5, in that order. 8. Divide the result from step 7 by n(n-1); that is, by the product of the sample size times one less than the sample size. 9. Then square root the result. This is the sample standard deviation. (Remember to round to one more decimal place than the original data)