34 While on his famous trip on the HMS Beagle, Darwin observed finches on the Galápagos Islands. The islands contain 13

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34 While On His Famous Trip On The Hms Beagle Darwin Observed Finches On The Galapagos Islands The Islands Contain 13 1 (1.09 MiB) Viewed 42 times

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34 While on his famous trip on the HMS Beagle, Darwin observed finches on the Galápagos Islands. The islands contain 13 different species of these birds. On the Cocos Islands there is a 14th species of finch that is related to the Galápagos finches. The Galápagos finches are hypothesised to be most closely related to the tanager finches of Central and South America. The map below shows the relationship between the islands and the mainland of South America. Cocos Islands Galápagos Islands Costa Rica Panama Colombia Ecuador The hypothesised relationships between the various finches is shown in the phylogenetic tree. Genetic sequences show that finches with similar feeding styles tend to be closely related. ground finches
The hypothesised relationships between the various finches is shown in the phylogenetic tree. Genetic sequences show that finches with similar feeding styles tend to be closely related. ground finches ground finches ground finches cactus finches cactus finches sharp-beaked finch tree finches tree finches tree finches mangrove finch woodpecker finch vegetarian finch warbler finch Cocos finch warbler finch a DNA studies were used to establish that the Cocos Island finches are closely related to the Galápagos finches. What is the name of the technique that uses DNA to identify relationships between species? b According to the phylogenetic tree shown, which of the Galápagos groups is most closely related to the Cocos Island finches?
c The finches of the Galápagos Islands show considerable genetic variation. What does this suggest about the size of the founder population? d It is thought that the first finches arrived on the Galápagos about 2 million years ago. Since that time the environment has changed considerably. There has been volcanic activity, which added 14 islands to the chain. There have also been changes in sea level, isolating some islands, and the climate has changed from lush and tropical to cool and dry. How might the changes in the Galápagos Islands have resulted in speciation of the original population of finches to arrive there? Use examples from the phylogenetic tree to support your answer. rk mi to