A Study Compared Average Differences In Height Weight And Iq Score Of Monozygotic Twins Raised Apart In Different Fami 1 (179.8 KiB) Viewed 41 times
A study compared average differences in height, weight, and IQ score of monozygotic twins raised apart in different families (MZ/RA), monozygotic twins raised together (MZ/RT), same-sex dizygotic twins (DZ), and same-sex pairs of non-twin siblings. The results are shown in the table. Using the table as reference, complete the sentences using the words and phrases provided. (Each box can be used only once and not all boxes are used.) Weight Height IQ MZ/RA 4.49 kg 1.8 cm 8.2 weight IQ score genetic populations DZ and Siblings genetic and environmental factors height genetic factors DZ least similar environmental MZ/RT most similar environmental factors MZ/RT 1.86 kg 1.7 cm 5.9 DZ 4.54 kg 4.4 cm 9.9 In the MZ/RT group, In the MZ/RA group, vary. Siblings 4.72 kg 4.5 cm 9.8 can be presumed to be the same. are considered the same and Heritability is defined as the proportion of phenotypic variance that is due to variance. Measurements of heritability are specific to the and not general properties of traits. Of the three traits, the trait with greatest heritability appears to be because the average difference in the two MZ groups is the The trait with lowest heritability appears to be difference in MZ/RA is more like that of both being measured The Sibling group's results are most like those of the because the average group. because the average The trait with intermediate heritability is difference in the MZ/RA group is less than that observed in DZ or Siblings, but more than that observed in MZ/RT. Reset
0.16 X 0.01 = 1.6 X 10³ very small CODIS allele frequencies (0.1)² = 0.01 1/625 1/1000 highly variable matches multiplied 2(0.2) (0.4) = 0.16 phenotype SSR does not match The most useful DNA markers for forensics are SSR in the population and do not contribute to matches. The genotypes of thousands of people at 13 unlinked phenotype loci are kept in a law enforcement database called CODISⒸ. If a suspect's DNA does not match DNA found at a crime scene, the crime scene DNA did not come from the suspect. If a suspect's DNA matches DNA found at a crime scene, the likelihood of finding that particular 13-locus genotype in the population is determined. Because the CODIS loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the genotype frequency at each SSR locus can be calculated from the allele frequencies. Considering SSR locus A, if the frequency of allele 1 is 0.2 and the frequency of allele 2 is 0.4, the frequency of a heterozygote with allele 1 and allele 2 is 2(0.2)(0.4) = 0.160. At a second SSR locus B, if the frequency of allele 1 is 0.1, the frequency of an individual who is homozygous for allele 1 is (0.1)² = 0.010. The chance that both of those specific genotypes at the A and B loci would be found in the same person is 0.16 X 0.01 = 1.6 X 10³, or 1/625 people. The probability of a match at all 13 SSR loci is 1/1000 because the genotype frequencies at each locus are very small to find the match probability.
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