Activity 4: Temperature, Salinity and Density Understand that temperature and salinity of seawater determines its densit

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Activity 4 Temperature Salinity And Density Understand That Temperature And Salinity Of Seawater Determines Its Densit 1 (65.37 KiB) Viewed 23 times

Activity 4: Temperature, Salinity and Density Understand that temperature and salinity of seawater determines its density. Objective Background When measuring the density of a substance, you must use a standard for comparison purposes. Because density of water varies with its temperature, the architects of the metric system set the standard using pure water at 4°C. By definition they agreed that one milliliter of pure water at 4°C weighs one gram and occupies one cubic centimeter (g/cm³) of space. A quick and simple method of measuring seawater salinity is based in a precise relationship that exists between sea water temperature, salinity and density. If any of two of these three factors are known, the third can be determined from a temperature-salinity-density (T-S-D) diagram (provided in lab). If, for example a seawater sample has a temperature of 10°C and a salinity of 35%00, its density is 1.0270 g/cm³. You can reverse the process: The salinity of a water sample with a temperature of 20°C and a density of 1.0240 g/cm³ is _%00. We are aware how temperature affects density if the salinity is held constant or how changes in salinity affect density if the temperatures remain constant. However, often these values will both vary, sometimes having an opposing effect on the density of the seawater and sometimes a cumulative effect. Materials Temperature, Density, Salinity (T-S-D) conversion chart (Appendix 1) Questions: 1) The water from the Mediterranean may have a salinity of 39%, because of excessive evaporation. while the Atlantic Ocean near the Straits of Gibralter may have a salinity of about 36%. In the summer, seawater temperatures in the Mediterranean Sea may be about 18°C, whereas Atlantic Ocean temperatures average around 20°C off the mouth of Mediterranean. How will water flowing out from the Mediterranean Sea behave when it encounters water in the Atlantic Ocean? a) Using the T-S-D diagram, determine the density of the Mediterranean Sea in the summertime _g/cm³. b) What is the density of the Atlantic Ocean then? _g/cm³. c) How will these two masses of water behave when they encounter one another? 2) What would happen when a cold Alaskan river runs into the Bering Sea? a) Bering Sea has a temperature of 9°C and a salinity of 33%. Bering Sea density = b) Assume the river has a temperature of 4°C, what will be the density of the river? g/cm3. (What must you assume about the salinity of the river in order to calculate its density? See the definition of density). _g/cm³