9. In a water treatment process, water undergoes a lime-soda ash process to soften the water through a series of reactio

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9 In A Water Treatment Process Water Undergoes A Lime Soda Ash Process To Soften The Water Through A Series Of Reactio 1 (65.14 KiB) Viewed 36 times

9. In a water treatment process, water undergoes a lime-soda ash process to soften the water through a series of reactions as follow: CO2 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 +CaCO3 (S) + H2O Ca2+ + 2HCO3- + Ca(OH)2 + 2CaCO3 (s) + 2H2O Mg2+ + 2HCO3+ + 2Ca(OH)2 + 2CaCO3 (s) + Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2H20 Ca2+ + Na2CO3 CaCO3 (s) + 2Na+ Mg2+ + Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 + CaCO3 (s) + Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2Na+ An analysis of the feed water, with pH near neutral, shows that it contains 1.17 meq/L of CO2 and the following concentration of ions: Ions mg/L Ca2+ 95.0 Mg2+ 26.0 Na+ 15.0 HCO3 160.0 SO42- 135.0 CI- 73.0 (a) Express the concentration of all the ions in meq/L. (b) Draw a bar chart of ionic constituents of the water expressed in meq/L. Label the total hardness, the carbonate hardness (CH), the non-carbonate hardness (NCH), and if applicable, the Ca-CH, Ca-NCH, Mg-CH and Mg-NCH. (C) Determine the concentration (meq/L) of lime and soda ash required to soften the water to 60 mg/L as CaCO3.