Why does +1 frameshifting occur in some rare cases? a.) In a stretch of "A" bases, the ribosome can lose association and

[answerhappygod]

Why does +1 frameshifting occur in some rare cases?
a.) In a stretch of "A" bases, the ribosome can loseassociation and slippage can occur.
b.) At a weak Kozac sequence the ribosome could alignimproperly and begin translation with a +1 frameshift.
c.) the loop structure of a tRNA could create a 4-basecodon that then shifts the reading frame of the mRNA.
d.) when the ribosome backtracks to remove an error, it canmisalign and cause a +1 frameshift.