If your firm's actual debt ratio is different from its “recommended" debt ratio, how should they get from the actual to

[answerhappygod]

If your firm's actual debt ratio is different from its
“recommended" debt ratio, how should they get from the actual to
the optimal? In particular. Should they do it gradually over
time or should they do it right now? Should they alter their
existing mix (by buying back stock or retiring debt) or should they
take new projects with debt or equity? What type of financing
should this firm use? In particular, should it be short term or
long term? What currency should it be in? What special features
should the financing have?