Community health workers were conducting a screening test for
diabetes. People who tested positive on the screening test were
referred for follow-up testing to confirm if they had diabetes.
There were 300 people who tested positive during the screening in
the community. Thirty of these people were later found to not have
diabetes. There were 500 people who tested negative during the
screening in the community. The community health workers later
found out that 20 of the people who tested negative during the
screening in the community did actually have diabetes.
a. How many false positives were there on the screening test? (1
point)
b. How many true negatives were there on the screening test? (1
point)
c. Calculate and interpret the sensitivity of the test. (2
points) show your work
d. Calculate and interpret the specificity of the test. (2
points) show your work
e. Calculate and interpret the positive predictive value of the
test. (2 points) show your work
f. Calculate and interpret the negative predictive value of the
test. (2 points) show your work
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10 points
QUESTION 38
A team of epidemiologists conducted a case-control study of the
relationship between binge drinking (exposure) and missing class
(outcome). There were 150 students who missed class and 125 who did
not miss class. Forty-five students who missed class binge drank
the previous night. Twenty of the students who did not miss class
binge drank the previous night. What is the odds ratio for
the relationship between binge drinking and missing class?
1
16%
2.25
69%
1.38
1 points
QUESTION 39
Describe 2 ways that information bias may occur in a
case-control study of the relationship between binge drinking and
academic performance (e.g., attendance and GPA).
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2 points
QUESTION 40
Describe 2 consequences or limitations of false positive test
results for a screening test to detect cervical cancer.
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2 points
QUESTION 41
Epidemiologists were conducting a cross sectional study of the
relationship between chocolate consumption and quality of life. A
total of 2,700 people were asked to participate in and 2,000
participants completed the questionnaire. There were 1,000 males
and 1,000 females in the sample.
Calculate the overall response rate. Remember to show your
work.
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2 points
QUESTION 42
Epidemiologists conducted a case-control study of asthma and
asked participants if they had ever worked in a factory. They
stratified their analysis by smoking. Smoking is associated with
asthma and working in a factory.
Smokers
Asthma
Worked in a factory
Case
Control
Yes
500
200
No
150
100
Non-smokers
Asthma
Worked in a factory
Case
Control
Yes
250
200
No
75
200
Calculate the odds ratio for smokers. Show your work (1
point)
Calculate the odds ratio for non-smokers. (1 point)
Do you think that there is confounding, effect modification, or
neither in this study? Explain why. (2 points)
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4 points
QUESTION 43
What was your favorite part of the class or the most useful
thing that you learned in class? (1 extra credit point)
please ASP