QUESTION 24 What is the term for drawing conclusions about a population parameter (statistic) based on an estimate obtai

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QUESTION 24
What is the term for drawing conclusions about a population
parameter (statistic) based on an estimate obtained from a
sample?
Statistical inference
Regression
Bias
Validation
Adjustment
1 points
QUESTION 25
A p-value is how unlikely the observed results are if the null
hypothesis is true.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 26
If the null value is outside the confidence interval, then the
result is_____________________.
Biased away from the null
Statistically significant
Biased towards the null
Random
Not statistically significant
1 points
QUESTION 27
If the P-value is 0.03 and alpha is 0.05, we should ______ the
null hypothesis.
rewrite
not reject
reject
1 points
QUESTION 28
What strategy limits the participants in the study to a narrow
range of values for one or more of the control variables (e.g.,
participants must be at least 18 years old)?
Restriction
Adjustment
Modelling
Matching
Randomization
1 points
QUESTION 29
What method looks for rare or unlikely results?
Interval estimation
Control for confounding
Matching
Hypothesis testing
Adjustment
1 points
QUESTION 30
By looking at the most likely results, interval estimation finds
those values that we are confident lie close to the __________.
null value
sample parameter
p-value
population parameter
1 points
QUESTION 31
Epidemiologists conducted a study of the relationship between
mold exposure and asthma. The odds ratio was 3.2 among people who
had a low level of physical activity. The odds ratio was 3.4 among
people who had a high level of physical activity.
a) Was physical activity an effect modifier of the association
between mold exposure and asthma? (1 point)
b) Why or why not? (1 points)
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2 points
QUESTION 32
A case-control study of foodborne acute gastroenteritis was
conducted during an outbreak. Eating raw seafood was investigated
as an exposure. There were 165 cases. The odds ratio was 2.0, the
95% confidence interval was 0.9 to 6.0 and the p-value
was 0.2. The significance level for the study was 0.05.
1) Write an interpretation for the 95% confidence interval. (2
points)
2) Is the odds ratio statistically significant (different than
1.0)? Explain why you think that the odds ratio is or is not
statistically significant. (2 points)
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4 points
QUESTION 33
An odds ratio is 1.5 and the 95% confidence interval is 1.3 to
2.1 Which of the following statements is/are correct? Select all
that apply.
The odds ratio is protective.
The p-value is <0.05
The confidence interval includes 1.
The odds ratio is statistically significant.